Pyroclastic flows from Montserrat dome collapses have flowed down the White River creating a new delta where they entered the sea. It is uncertain if this delta will survive or be eroded by seawaves. Photograph copyrighted and provided by Steve O'Meara of Volcano Watch International.

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Soufriere Hills, a stratovolcano on the island of Montserrat, began erupting on July 18, 1995. This is the first recorded eruption of this volcano in historic time. The initial small phreatic eruption produced minor ash that spread around the island. Periods of intense seismic activity were associated with strong venting of steam and ash. A new vent formed southwest of Castle Peak, an old volcanic dome.

April 27, 2004

Volcanic and seismic activities remained at low levels: periods of tremor occurred with few long-period hybrid earthquakes. The maximum emission of sulfur-dioxide was estimated at 1,030 metric tons per day.

This information was summarized from the GVP/USGS Weekly Volcanic Activity Report

April 20, 2004

Nearly continuous low- to moderate-level tremor was recorded in April. No volcanic activity was reported and low to moderate emissions sulfur-dioxide occurred.

This information was summarized from the GVP/USGS Weekly Volcanic Activity Report

This week, 4 long-period and 7 hybrid earthquakes, constant low-level to moderate-level tremor were recorded. On the morning of March 29, a ~9-km-wide ash plume was observed at a height of ~1 km a.s.l; it extended SW then NE later that day. Another ash plume was observed the next day which reached a height of ~2 km and drifted NE. This week the emission of sulfur dioxide varied between 550 and 700 metric tons per day.

This information was summarized from the GVP/USGS Weekly Volcanic Activity Report

March 23, 2004

Seismic and volcanic activity at Soufrière Hills during 12-19 March increased
in comparison to the previous week. On March 15, seismicity increased and was dominated by moderate-to-strong tremor. Gas-and-ash venting also occurred and during a moments of intense tremor two plumes rose 2 and 4.5 km and drifted WSW.
The intensity of gas-and-ash venting slowly waned and terminated on the evening of the 17th.

This information was summarized from the GVP/USGS Weekly Volcanic Activity Report

March 16, 2004

Volcanic and Seismic activities were back to relatively low level between March 5 and 12 except for the 15 minutes of seismicity on the 10th. Also, Between the 9 and 12 minor explosion released steam and ash which was deposited as far as St. Georges Hill. The maximum emission of sulfur dioxide was recorded on March 9 with 1,250 metric tons.

This information was summarized from the GVP/USGS Weekly Volcanic Activity Report

March 9, 2004

A 20 hour-long period of low-level tremor began at 1900 on March 2 which resulted in an explosion and the partial collapse of the lava dome the next day in mid afternoon. The ash cloud that accompanied the explosion rose 5 km above the volcano and the pyroclastic flows reached the sea through the Tar River on the NE flank. Populated areas were not affected by ashfalls since it drifted SW. A smaller explosion occurred two days later which release some ashes. The emiision of sulfur-dioxide peaked at 820 metric tons on March 1.

This information was summarized from the GVP/USGS Weekly Volcanic Activity Report

March 2, 2004

Volcanic and seismic activities were low again this week and on February 21, a ~36 hour-long period of low-level tremor occurred. On the 24 pouring rain resulted in mudflows in the Belham valley for ~40 minutes during. A maximum sulfur-dioxide emission 920 metric tons was recored on the day of February 23.

This information was summarized from the GVP/USGS Weekly Volcanic Activity Report

Volcanic and seismic activities remained similar to early February. A few rockfalls occurred and the flux of Sulfur-dioxide varied between 350 and 650 metric tons per day.

This information was summarized from the GVP/USGS Weekly Volcanic Activity Report

Volcanic and seismic activity slightly increased between January 30 to February 6. 15 rockfalls, 1 volcano-tectonic earthquake, 7 long-period earthquakes, and 9 hybrid earthquakes were recorded. Also a long-period earthquake swarm of weak signals began on January 30. It lasted ~30 minutes and comprised ~1,000 separate events even though only four events were large enough to be detected. During these two weeks, the sulfur-dioxide flux varied form ~500 to 1000 tons per day.

This information was summarized from the GVP/USGS Weekly Volcanic Activity Report

January 27, 2004

Activity remained at low levels during 16-23 January, although there was a slight increase in seismic activity. The seismic network recorded 1 rockfall, 1 volcano-tectonic earthquake, and 38 long-period and 9 hybrid earthquakes. An unusual seismic event occurred on January 18. A low-amplitude swarm of long-period earthquakes were recorded during 36 hours. It comprised ~1,000 separate events every ~2 minutes, although only 37 were large enough to trigger the seismic-event detection systems.

This information was summarized from the GVP/USGS Weekly Volcanic Activity Report

January 20, 2004

Volcanic activity remained at low levels and the sulfur-dioxide flux varied from less than 200 tons per day to around 350 tons per day after a minor ash-venting event on 9 January.

This information was summarized from the GVP/USGS Weekly Volcanic Activity Report

January 13, 2004

The activity at Soufriere Hills remained similar to the last 2-3 weeks.

This information was summarized from the GVP/USGS Weekly Volcanic Activity Report

January 6, 2004

Volcanic activity remains low and only 2 rockfalls, 9 hybrid earthquakes, and a swarm of small hybrid earthquakes were recorded. Sulfur-dioxide flux rates remained at 500 tons per day for the beginning of the report period.

This information was summarized from the GVP/USGS Weekly Volcanic Activity Report

December 30, 2003

The seismic network recorded 1 rockfall and 2 hybrid earthquakes between December 19 24.

This information was summarized from the GVP/USGS Weekly Volcanic Activity Report

December 23, 2003

Only 2 rockfalls and 12 hybrid earthquakes were recorded. Sulfur-dioxide emissions remained fairly stable at around 500 tons per day during most of the week, but there was a significant increase to 3,600 tons on December 18.

This information was summarized from the GVP/USGS Weekly Volcanic Activity Report

December 16, 2003

Volcanic activity was at low levels with low seismic activity. Visual observations confirmed that the lava dome did not grow since July 2003, although some older sections of the dome slumped. Sulfur-dioxide emissions decreased during the week from 800-900 tons per day to 300-500 tons per day.

This information was summarized from the GVP/USGS Weekly Volcanic Activity Report

December 2, 2003

Volcanic activity was lower during Nov. 21-28. Rockfalls, one long-period earthquake, one volcano-tectonic earthquake and numerous hybrid earthquakes were recorded. Also, ~500 tons of SO2 emissions were recorded.

This information was summarized from the GVP/USGS Weekly Volcanic Activity Report

November 18, 2003

Volcanic activity remained at low levels. During the 7-14, 3 rockfall signals, one long-period earthquake, one long-period rockfall and 36 hybrid earthquakes were reported. Also, SO2 emissions generally decreased to ~200 tons per day.

This information was summarized from the GVP/USGS Weekly Volcanic Activity Report

November 4, 2003

Volcanic activity remained at low levels with no new changes observed at the volcano's summit or vent areas. On Nov. 1, satellite imagery revealed a low-level plume of re-suspended ash.

This information was summarized from the GVP/USGS Weekly Volcanic Activity Report

October 28, 2003

Volcanic activity remained low. The lava dome was visible on the 23rd and scientists recorded several observations of the volcano's small lava dome and pit crater. Also, ash

This information was summarized from the GVP/USGS Weekly Volcanic Activity Report

October 21, 2003

Activity remained at low levels. Numerous rockfalls, hybrid earthquakes and lahars were reported. Emissions of SO2 increased, and then decreased by the 16th, and low-level ash plumes were visible on satellite imagery.

This information was summarized from the GVP/USGS Weekly Volcanic Activity Report

October 14, 2003

Volcanic activity was at a lower level than it was last week and light ash venting coincided with a period of low-amplitude tremor during Oct. 3-8. Ash plumes were visible on satellite imagery and SO2 emission rates were high.

This information was summarized from the GVP/USGS Weekly Volcanic Activity Report

October 7, 2003

Volcanic activity was slightly higher this week, with tremor coinciding with vigorous ash venting. Gas and ash clouds, reaching between 2 and 2.5 km above sea level, were produced and SO2 emission rates were at moderate-to-high levels.

This information was summarized from the GVP/USGS Weekly Volcanic Activity Report

Volcanic activity remained at low levels during the report week. SO2 emission rates were slightly lower and, on the 30th, ash emissions rose to a height of ~2.4 km a.s.l.

This information was summarized from the GVP/USGS Weekly Volcanic Activity Report

September 23, 2003

No changes were made from last week's report.

This information was summarized from the GVP/USGS Weekly Volcanic Activity Report

Activity and SO2 emission rates remained at low levels. Several ash-venting episodes were accompanied by a few small earthquakes, but no new lava dome growth occurred.

This information was summarized from the GVP/USGS Weekly Volcanic Activity Report

September 9, 2003

From Aug. 29 to Sept. 5, activity remained at low levels. Observation of the lava dome showed no sign of growth.

This information was summarized from the GVP/USGS Weekly Volcanic Activity Report

September 2 2003

From the 22-29, activity remained at low levels. New fumaroles opened to the SE of the July 12th's main crater collapse scar, but no other changes or growth were observed at the lava dome.

This information was summarized from the GVP/USGS Weekly Volcanic Activity Report

August 19, 2003

Volcanic activity was at low levels and no further growth of the lava dome took place.

This information was summarized from the GVP/USGS Weekly Volcanic Activity Report

August 12, 2003

On 1 August, strong episodes of ash venting occurred from the explosion crater; an ash plume rose to over 3 km. The lava dome was visible on 5 August and it is growing extremely slowly, if at all. Activity slightly increased at the end of this week.

This information was summarized from the GVP/USGS Weekly Volcanic Activity Report

August 5, 2003

As of 1 August, ash emissions were continuing from Soufrière Hills. Low-level
ash clouds were visible on satellite images.

This information was summarized from the GVP/USGS Weekly Volcanic Activity Report

July 29, 2003

Volcanic and seismic activities were at very low levels and the pattern of earthquakes during the week indicated the reinitiation of lava-dome growth

This information was summarized from the GVP/USGS Weekly Volcanic Activity Report

On the morning of the July 14, a sudden vulcanian explosion occurred at the lava dome, and two more explosions occurred during the next 2 days. Heavy ashfall from the collapse occurred over Montserrat and exceeded 15 cm in thickness in some areas. After an explosion on 15 July, volcanic and seismic activities were relatively low. A crater created by an explosion during the main collapse event, was left opened and no new lava extruded. The bulk of the lava-dome structure was removed during the collapse.

This information was summarized from the GVP/USGS Weekly Volcanic Activity Report

July 15, 2003

Following a hybrid earthquake swarm on 9 July, volcanic activity increased significantly producing several moderate-size pyroclastic-flows. On the 12, continuous tremor signal was recorded and due to prolonged and heavy rainfall several mudflows traveled down into the Belham Valley. The constantly rising pyroclastic flow activity led to ones that reached the sea at 10:45 on the 12. The activity picked up markedly at 18:27, with more energetic pyroclastic flows. The level of activity fluctuated thereafter, with several smaller pyroclastic flows into the Tar River Valley, before escalating again at 2005 with another phase of near-continuous pyroclastic flows. The flows increased in size and several surges traveled 2 km over the sea at the mouth of the Tar River Valley. Pyroclastic flows also reached the sea in White's Ghaut and the Spanish Point area. These flows resulted in heavy ashfall and accretionary lapilli, particularly between Salem and Woodlands. A number of explosive events took place during this collapse, with the largest occurring between 2300 and 2400. The Washington VAAC reported that ash clouds rose to a maximum height of ~15 km above sea level. On 13 July an explosive eruption occurred, following 2 hours of very low seismic activity, and produced a cloud about ~12 km above sea level.

Heavy falls of ash and rock fragments occurred over all of the inhabited parts of Montserrat. The ashfall deposit was 115 mm thick at Lime Kiln Bay. The ash burden resulted in the collapse of several wooden buildings in the Salem area. Vegetation damage was extensive and many birds were killed by the ash. Ashfall from this event was reported on the islands of Nevis, St Kitts, Anguilla, and St Maarten, and resulted in the closure of several airports.

During a helicopter reconnaissance flight on the morning of 14 July, a large collapse scar was seen in the lava dome directed down the Tar River Valley. The Tar River Valley was extensively modified and eroded with a deep canyon gouged by the pyroclastic flows. The fan had been extended eastwards into the sea and northwards along the coast. The area north of the Tar River Valley extending to Killyhawk Ghaut was devastated.

This information was summarized from the GVP/USGS Weekly Volcanic Activity Report

July 8, 2003

Activity increased in comparison to the previous week: pyroclastic flows and rockfalls mainly traveled down the lava dome's N flank, but some went W. The sulfur-dioxide emission rate was relatively low during the week.

This information was summarized from the GVP/USGS Weekly Volcanic Activity Report

June 24, 2003

Volcanic and seismic activity remained at low levels and small rockfalls and sporadic pyroclastic flows traveled down the E and N flanks of the lava dome into the Tar River Valley, White's Ghaut, and the top of Tuitt's Ghaut. Sulfur-dioxide emission was relatively slow during the first half of the report period, but accelerated slightly during the middle of the week.

This information was summarized from the GVP/USGS Weekly Volcanic Activity Report

June 10, 2003

Again, most activity was focused around the E and NE flanks of the lava dome, producing rockfalls and numerous pyroclastic flows.

This information was summarized from the GVP/USGS Weekly Volcanic Activity Report

June 3, 2003

Volcanic activity decreased slightly this week and most activity was focused on the lava dome's center and ENE flank, producing rockfalls and numerous pyroclastic flows. Small low-level ash plumes were observed on satellite images.

This information was summarized from the GVP/USGS Weekly Volcanic Activity Report

May 27, 2003

Since the 24th, activity increased on the N flank, with pyroclastic flows traveling into the top of Farrell's Plain and entering the top of Tyre's and Tuitt's ghauts. Also, pulses of vigorous ash explosions were observed out of the dome's summit. Intense incandesence was seen on the summit and NE flank on the evenings of 20 and 21 May.

This information was summarized from the GVP/USGS Weekly Volcanic Activity Report

May 20, 2003

As dome growth migrated to the NE side of the dome, rockfalls and pyroclastic flows continued to flow on the NE and N flanks. Also on May 12 and 13, several flows were observed on the lava dome's N and NW flanks. This activity was accompanied by ash explosions through the dome. Low-level ash plumes were sometimes observed on satellite images.

This information was summarized from the GVP/USGS Weekly Volcanic Activity Report

May 13, 2002

This week, pyroclastic flows and rockfalls mainly traveled down the NE flank. Some of the pyroclastic flows were the largest seen for several months. Low-level ash plumes were also sometimes visible on satellite images.

This information was summarized from the GVP/USGS Weekly Volcanic Activity Report

April 22, 2003

From April 16-22, dome extrusion continued. Seismicity and SO2 flux rates remained at high levels and rockfalls and pyroclastic flows were observed. Satellite sensors even detected thermal radiation and plumes from the volcano.

This information was summarized from the GVP/USGS Weekly Volcanic Activity Report

April 15, 2003

From April 4-11, activity was moderate, but short periods of more elevated activity did occur. Rockfalls, pyroclastic flows and mudflows were generated during a rainstorm on the 10th. Low-level ash plumes were visible on satellite imagery.

This information was summarized from the GVP/USGS Weekly Volcanic Activity Report

April 8, 2003

Volcanic activity gradually increased throughout the reporting period. On the lava dome's summit, an extrusion lobe was observed and rockfall and pyroclastic flow activity continued. SO2 emission rates fluctuated.

This information was summarized from the GVP/USGS Weekly Volcanic Activity Report

April 1, 2003

In addition to last week's report, a rainstorm produced increased pyroclastic flow and rockfall activity for about 4-5 hours afterwards. Also, SO2 emission rates were reported to fluctuate greatly.

Activity remained at similar levels. Lava dome growth continued with a series of spines and ridges being formed. Rockfalls, pyroclastic flows, ash venting and low-level ash plumes on satellite imagery continued to be reported.

March 18, 2003

Activity was similar to last week's. Lava dome growth continued and rockfalls, pyroclastic flows, incandescence, continuous ash venting and several low-level ash plumes were observed. SO2 emission rates were also at low levels.

March 11, 2003

Activity remained at similar levels with continued lava-dome growth, pyroclastic flow activity, lava extrusion and rockfalls. SO2 emissions rates varied and low-level ash plumes were visible on satellite imagery.

Activity slightly increased at the volcano with lava dome growth, pyroclastic flows and rockfalls still being observed. On the N flank, several flows were also observed and SO2 emission rates varied from moderate to high.

This information was summarized from the GVP/USGS Weekly Volcanic Activity Report

February 25, 2003

Activity remained at moderate levels while lava-dome growth continued on the NE lobe. Pyroclastic flows and rockfalls were more concentrated on the lava dome's E flank and SO2 emission rates were at low to moderate levels.

This information was summarized from the GVP/USGS Weekly Volcanic Activity Report

February 18, 2003

Activity remains at moderate level. rockfalls and pyroclastic flows continued to be generated off the N flank of the volcano's lava dome.

This information was summarized from the GVP/USGS Weekly Volcanic Activity Report

February 11, 2003

Activity remained at moderate levels and growth of the lava dome continued to produce pyroclastic flows and rockfalls. Also, SO2 emission rates were lower and several low-level ash plumes were visible on satellite imagery.

This information was summarized from the GVP/USGS Weekly Volcanic Activity Report

Activity at the volcano increased on the 25th, and extrusion in the northern part of the lava dome continued. On the 30th, a pulse of activity was recorded and pyroclastic flows were produced. SO2 emission rates fluctuated.

This information was summarized from the GVP/USGS Weekly Volcanic Activity Report

January 28, 2003
Volcanic and seismic activity remained at moderate levels with lava extrusion, rockfalls and pyroclastic flows being observed. SO2 emission rates were also at moderate levels and several low-level ash plumes were visible.

This information was summarized from the GVP/USGS Weekly Volcanic Activity Report

This information was summarized from the GVP/USGS Weekly Volcanic Activity Report

January 14, 2003
The active extruded lobe on the lava dome continued to grow and rockfalls and pyroclastic flows were still observed. Also, during the week, satellite images showed that several low-level ash plumes were produced.

This information was summarized from the GVP/USGS Weekly Volcanic Activity Report

January 7, 2003
Activity was at high to very high levels from Dec. 27-Jan. 3. Rockfalls and numerous pyroclastic flows were observed. On Jan. 2, the large spine previously present at the summit was gone, and the next day, activity had

This information was summarized from the GVP/USGS Weekly Volcanic Activity Report

December 30, 2002

Activity remained high at Soufrière Hills. Extrusion occurred and a large spine was pushed up during the night of Dec. 26-27. On the 28th, it was reported that a 3-km-high ash cloud was emitted which drifted over 2 nearby islands.

This information was summarized from the GVP/USGS Weekly Volcanic Activity Report

December 23, 2002
This week, activity increased to a high level and the volcano's active lobe continued to grow. Numerous rockfalls, pyroclastic flows and mudflows were produced. Also, a red glow over the dome was visible at night.

This information was summarized from the GVP/USGS Weekly Volcanic Activity Report

December 17, 2002
Until Dec 7th, explosive activity continued at Soufrière Hills with the generation of pyroclastic flows and low emission rates of SO2. Then, on the 8th (2045), a sustained dome collapse started and energetic pyroclastic flows, and ~3 km-high ash clouds, were produced. By Dec. 9, seismic activity returned to background levels and only weak tremor occurred. After the dome collapse, SO2 emission rates rose significantly, but, by the 10th, they had decreased once again.

Rockfalls and pyroclastic flows continued to be produced. On the 29th, the dome growth shifted from the N to the NNE, and SO2 emission rates increased.

This information was summarized from the GVP/USGS Weekly Volcanic Activity Report

November 26, 2002

Activity remained at moderate levels from Nov. 15th-22nd. Rockfalls and small pyroclastic flows occurred mainly on the E and NE flanks of the volcano and SO2 emission rates dropped to relatively low levels.

This information was summarized from the GVP/USGS Weekly Volcanic Activity Report

November 19, 2002

Activity slightly increased at Soufrière Hills. Lava-dome growth and ash venting at the base of the NW lava lobe occurred from the 10th-15th. Also, the size and energy of the pyroclastic flows, along with SO2 emission rates, slightly increased.

This information was summarized from the GVP/USGS Weekly Volcanic Activity Report

Lava dome growth on the N part of the dome continued and rockfalls were dispersed across the entire summit and also along the flanks. SO2 emission rates were lower and on the 8th, strong pyroclastic flows produced ash and gas clouds that reached heights of ~1.5 km.

This information was summarized from the GVP/USGS Weekly Volcanic Activity Report

November 7, 2002

Intense rainfall on October 22 produced large mudflows NW in the Belham Valley. At 1430, pyroclastic activity continued traveling down the N flank of the dome and then was channeled to the NE. Apparently, flow also occurred on the E flank and SO2 emmission rates reportedly increased by the end of the week.

This information was summarized from the GVP/USGS Weekly Volcanic Activity Report

Volcanic and seismic activity remained at moderate levels. Rockfalls and small pyroclastic flows continued to travel mainly down the northern flank. Growth in the NW extrusion lobe continued and bulking up of the summit area was observed.

This information was summarized from the GVP/USGS Weekly Volcanic Activity Report

October 15, 2002

Volcanic and seismic activity remained at moderate levels. Centralized growth in the extrusion lobe occurred. The production of Rockfalls and pyroclastic flow continued and were accompanied by a mudflow on the evening of the 9th. Increased growth of the lava dome towards the NW increased the probability of pyroclastic flows into the Belham River and ~300 people were evacuated from this area on the 8th and 9th. On the 13th, a small pyroclastic flow traveled down the flanks of the volcano to the NNE.

This information was summarized from the GVP/USGS Weekly Volcanic Activity Report

Volcanic and seismic activities remained high at Soufrière Hills this week. Observations on October 1st revealed that recent extrusion of lava had replaced the material shed off of the dome by the pyroclastic flow of the 29th. On the 2nd, a mudflow was generated due to intense rain, and a 6-hour period of dome collapse, which produced pyroclastic flows in the W, was recorded by seismic data. Heavy ashfall was also observed in the surrounding towns, where deposits reached up to 9 mm. On the 4th, several more ashfalls were observed and one of the ash cloud rose to 2.4 km above sea level.

This information was summarized from the GVP/USGS Weekly Volcanic Activity Report

October 1, 2002

Volcanic and seismic activities at Soufrière Hills have been high since September 20th. On the 21st, a spine grew in the central region of the dome and growth in the NE stagnated. On the evening of the 25th, generation of pyroclastic flows begin on the western flank as the dome growth shifted to this side. A large lobe was observed the next morning. The eruptive activity then changed again towards the north and a low-level ash cloud was emitted in the afternoon of the 29th. This cloud was observed the next day over E Puerto Rico by satellite imagery. On the evening of the 29th, a pyroclastic flow, with an estimated volume of 2 to 3 million m3, went down the northern flank and reached the sea.

This information was summarized from the GVP/USGS Weekly Volcanic Activity Report

September 24, 2002

This week, the activity increased at Monserrat; more rockfalls and small pyroclastic flows were observed. Also, low ash-and-steam clouds were visible on satellite images.
This information was summarized from the GVP/USGS Weekly Volcanic Activity Report

September 17, 2002

The volcanic activity remains similar to the previous week at Soufrière Hills. On September 11, a faint ash plume was visible on satellite images.

This information was summarized from the GVP/USGS Weekly Volcanic Activity Report

August 20, 2002

Lava-dome growth remained focused on the north side of the dome complex. There was also small pyroclastic flows that occurred to the north in both Tuitt's and White's ghauts.

This information was summarized from the GVP/USGS Weekly Volcanic Activity Report

August 13, 2002

The lava dome growth developed a massive curved lobe. The lobe repeatedly crumbled, during the early part of the week, causing rockfalls and small pyroclastic flows. One small pyroclastic flow did occur in the notch between the central and north-western buttresses.

This information was summarized from the GVP/USGS Weekly Volcanic Activity Report

August 6, 2002

The new extrusion lobe on the north side of the summit was revealed to have a broad whaleback form according to a flight on August 1st. The growth of the lobe was directed to the north, which gave rise to rockfalls and small pyroclastic flows in the upper parts of Tuitt's Ghaut and White's Ghaut.
This information was summarized from the GVP/USGS Weekly Volcanic Activity Report

July 30, 2002

On July 21st, a new lobe began to grow on the northeast side of the summit region. Growth of this new lobe caused rockfalls and small pyroclastic flows off the dome's northeast flank. On July 23rd, a minor collapse produced small, but continuous pyroclastic flows for approximately an hour. A similar event, which only lasted for about 20 minutes occurred in the early morning hours of July 26th.

This information was summarized from the GVP/USGS Weekly Volcanic Activity Report

July 23, 2002

A small pyroclastic flow traveled down the Tar River Valley at 08:00 on July 15th.

This information was summarized from the GVP/USGS Weekly Volcanic Activity Report

Volcanic activity was slightly higher during June 14-21 than during the previous week. On the night of June 14th, rockfall activity increased abruptly and remained at moderately high levels until the 18th when it declined. Rockfalls and small pyroclastic flows traveled to the East, and several small pyroclastic flows traveled down the volcano's Northeast flank.

This information was summarized from the GVP/USGS Weekly Volcanic Activity Report

May 14, 2002

Since May 8th, rockfalls and pyroclastic flows also began to concentrate on the northeastern flank.

This information was summarized from the GVP/USGS Weekly Volcanic Activity Report

May 7, 2002

The lava dome continued to grow on the the East side of the complex generating numberous rockfalls and small pyroclastic flows. The pyroclastic flow activity was mainly concentrated in the upper part of the Tar River Valley although several flows reached the pyroclastic fan at the mouth of the valley.

This information was summarized from the GVP/USGS Weekly Volcanic Activity Report

April 30, 2002

The activity increased this week. The direction of lava-dome growth changed to the southeast causing continuous rockfalls on this flank. The SE lobe of the dome (1041 m above sea level) is now higher than the NE lobe (1020 m above sea level).

This information was summarized from the GVP/USGS Weekly Volcanic Activity Report

April 23, 2002

During the report period, the activity decreased again. The lava dome, which was a striated lobe, changed into a series of small spines.

This information was summarized from the GVP/USGS Weekly Volcanic Activity Report

April 16, 2002

Activity remains low in Montserrat. The growth of the lava dome continues and several rockfalls traveling ~2 km down slope still are produced.

This information was summarized from the GVP/USGS Weekly Volcanic Activity Report

March 19, 2002

Volcanic activity increased on March 8 and remained at high level during the period 8-15 March. Lava-dome growth continued to be concentrated on the eastern side of the dome, producing rockfalls and small pyroclastic flows to the upper portions of the Tar River Valley. A spine is generally observed on top of the dome and occasional emission of ash occurs from it. At night, a bright glow is also visible over the summit.

This information was summarized from the GVP/USGS Weekly Volcanic Activity Report

During 1-8 March, Incandescence was visible on the upper parts of the dome during the night and minor episodes of ash venting occurred from the summit of the dome. However, no pyroclastic flows were generated. The volcanic activity and the emission of SO2 decreased during the present report period.

This information was summarized from the GVP/USGS Weekly Volcanic Activity Report

The volcanic activity increased this week at Soufrière Hills. Almost continuous rockfalls and small pyroclastic flows were observed from the growing lava dome. During the week a 90-m high, steeply inclined spine was extruded on the summit of the dome. Minor episodes of ash venting were also reported from the summit.

This information was summarized from the Smithsonian Institution's Preliminary Notices of Volcanic Activity.

Lava-dome kept growing on the E sector, and generated several rockfalls. During 15-22 February, volcanism was high and increasing. In the last days, near-continuous rockfalls and minor pyroclastic flows travelled down the volcano's E flank. Small ash clouds were observed from the summit of the dome, and the summit was often incandescent at night. SO2 emission rates decreased during the report period.

This information was summarized from the Smithsonian Institution's Preliminary Notices of Volcanic Activity.

This week, volcanism decreased slightly. The Lava dome keeps growing towards the E and NE, producing rockfalls and small pyroclaistc flows. Minor rockfalls of old inactive dome material were also observed on the western flank. Small ash emission was also observed. The SO2 emissions was slightly lower this week.

This information was summarized from the Smithsonian Institution's Preliminary Notices of Volcanic Activity.

Lava dome growth continues along the east and northeast sides of the dome. Unlike last week where the summit was covered with spines, the dome is now blocky and massive. In the Tar River and to the East of the volcano and in the White River to the southwest, new pyroclastic-flow deposits were seen.

This information was summarized from the Smithsonian Institution's Preliminary Notices of Volcanic Activity.

January 29, 2002

Growth on the east side of the lava dome continued, which produced numerous rockfalls and small pyroclastic flows. The dome was then crowned with a large 40-50 meter tall spine inclined steeply upwards towards the east on the 21st.

This information was summarized from the Smithosonian Institution's Preliminary Notices of Volcanic Activity.

January 15, 2002

The summit region has increased in volume considerabley over the past several weeks. The lava dome broadened and several spins now sticks out from it (up to 1015 m above sea level). Pyroclastic flows and numerous rockfalls were produced on the east flank of the dome.

This information was summarized from the Smithsonian Institution's Preliminary Notices of Volcanic Activity.

January 8, 2002

The average flux of SO2 decreased by half this week. On January 5th at about 16:40 (local time) there was a thirty minute long sustained event that occurred. This even produced an ash cloud that rose to a height of approximately 2.4 kilometers above sea level.

This information was summarized from the Smithsonian Institution's Preliminary Notices of Volcanic Activity

September 17, 2000

September 8-15:

During this period, the activity at Soufriere Hills continued at an elevated level. The broadband seismic network recorded a total of 411 rockfall signals, 21 hybrid, 7 volcano-tectonic and 44 long period earthquakes. A small explosion occurred on 14 September which produced pyroclastic flows down the eastern flanks and an ash cloud that rose to about ~10,000 feet. A moderate sized pyroclastic flow event occurred on 15 September, producing an ash cloud which rose to ~8,000 feet. Both events produced a light ash fall in the Salem area.

This information was summarized from Smithsonian Institution's Preliminary Notices of Volcanic Activity

June 30-July 7:

Activity was slightly lower, with fewer rockfalls. However, the dome continues to grow at a moderate rate. The summit of the dome is now less spiny and has a more slab-like appearance. Long-period earthquake activity remains at a high level, indicating relatively high pressure inside the dome. Rockfall and pyroclastic flow activity is likely to remain at a high level while the dome continues to grow.

This information was summarized from Smithsonian Institution's Preliminary Notices of Volcanic Activity

June 16-23:

The broadband seismic network recorded a total of 147 rockfall signals, 11 hybrid earthquakes, 1 volcano-tectonic and 77 long period earthquakes. The rockfall activity appears to be occurring in a number of sectors on the dome, and a small pyroclastic flow occurred on 20 June which originated from the old dome above the Gages valley. Observations of the top of the dome show that it is higher than in the period immediately before the last big collapse on 20 March. Material is rapidly filling the crater on all sides. Rockfalls and pyroclastic flows are anticipated in the valleys around the volcano. As the dome continues to grow, a substantial collapse is possible at any time. The pattern of ground deformation remains similiar to that which has been seen since last year.

This information was summarized from the Smithsonian Institution's Preliminary Notices of Volcanic Activity.

6-16 June

The lava dome continues to grow, creating rockfalls and small pyroclastic flows. A total of 326 rockfall signals, 49 hybrid earthquakes, 1 volcano-tectonic and 76 long-period earthquakes were recorded. A marked increase in rockfall activity and the sustained high level of long-period earthquakes suggests that the dome is growing at a moderate rate. The highest point of the dome is almost 3,000 feet. Ash is being expelled at a steady rate, but it has not yet affected inhabited areas.

This information was summarized from the Smithsonian Institution's Preliminary Notices of Volcanic Activity.

The Soufriere Hills Volcano is exhibiting the highest level of sustained rockfall activity since the dome started erupting in November 1999. The dome growth is concentrated entirely on the eastern area of the new extrusion at the top of the Tar River Valley. It has formed a large blocky mass close to 900 m above sea level in height and a large apron of talus.

This information was summarized from the Smithsonian Instituition's Preliminary Notices of Volcanic Activity.

7-14 January

A total of 97 rockfall signals, 23 hybrid earthquakes, 8 long period and 5 volcano-tectonic earthquakes were recorded for the reporting period. The seismic activity remains consistent with continued dome growth. Dome growth has continued at a moderate rate over the last couple of weeks. The dome has many protruding spines on it and is similar to the early stages of dome growth in 1996.

This information was summarized from the Smithsonian Institution's Preliminary Notices of Volcano Activity.

3-10 December

The Soufriere Hills Volcano has been producing a new lava dome on the southeastern side of the crater. The seismic network recorded 75 rockfall signals, 1 volcano-tectonic earthquake, 5 hybrid and 9 long period earthquakes. Seismicity continued to be characterized by banded tremor. The dome continues to fill the eastward-facing crater within the 1995 to 1998 lava dome. The new dome is blocky in texture, with many small spines, and the color is now the familiar grey shade of previous domes. Steam and gas emissions from the volcano have been variable.

10-17 December

The seismic network recorded a total of 129 rockfall signals, 2 volcano-tectonic earthquakes, 6 hybrid and 17 long period earthquakes. Seismicity continued to be characterized by banded tremor, with the reemergence of ~ 10-hourly bands for much of the week. The period soon after the peak in seismic tremor is the most active in terms of dome growth at the Soufriere Hills Volcano. The dome is growing most actively in its eastern portion, with new spines observed during the week. Gas levels have been variable, with peaks of over 800 tons/day during the period immediately after seismic tremor. Average values are in the 200 to 400 tons/day range. The FTIR instrument tracks changes in the chemistry of the gas plume, which gives clues as to the state of the magma chamber and composition of the new lava dome. Deformation monitoring continues. There have been no large changes in the deformation field around the lower flanks of the volcano associated with the growth of the new lava dome.

17-24 December

The new lava dome on the southeastern side of the crater continues to grow. The seismic network recorded a total of 70 rockfall signals, 4 hybrid and 3 long period earthquakes for the reporting period. These earthquake counts are all lower than in the past couple of weeks. 8- to 10-hourly bands of volcanic tremor continue to be recorded on the MVO seismic stations around the volcano. These tremor bands are associated with periods of dome growth. Sulphur dioxide levels of 400 to 800 tons/day have been recorded, with higher values obtained during and immediately after the periods of tremor.

24-31 December

The seismic network recorded a total of 35 rockfall signals, 94 hybrid earthquakes and 1 volcano-tectonic earthquake. Cyclic bands of volcanic tremor continue to be recorded on the MVO seismic stations around the volcano. The average cycle comprises 5 hours 40 minutes of seismic quiescence followed by 3 hours of tremor. The new dome is still contained in the crater, and only a few rockfalls have made their way into the upper part of the Tar River Valley. Sulphur dioxide flux ranged from 250 to 1500 tons/day.

This information was summarized from the Smithsonian Institution's Preliminary Notices of Volcanic Activity.

For further information on the volcano, refer to the Montserrat Volcano Observatory Web site.

The activity at the Soufriere Hills Volcano was at a higher level between 5 November and 12 November. Distinct explosions occurred on the 8 and 9 of November, followed by two hours of tremor. Both explosions created steamy ash clouds which rose ~20,000 to 25,000 ft. above the volcano. A light ash fell on Monserrat. Small pumice clasts were found near the volcano. On 11 November, a small dome-collapse pyroclastic flow occurred in the upper parts of the Tar River Valley.

This information was summarized from the Smithsonian Institution's Preliminary Notices of Volcano Activity.

Six ash venting episodes or small explosions occurred between 29 October- 5 November 1999. Maximum ash cloud height was 10,000 to 12,000 feet. There were no new pyroclastic flow deposits for these events. The seismic network network recorded a total of 115 rockfall signals, 40 volcano-tectonic earthquakes, 71 hybrid and 13 long period earthquakes.

This information was summarized from the Smithsonian Institution's Preliminary Notices of Volcanic Activity.

On 26 and 27 October, the Soufriere Hills Volcano produced ash venting episodes, small explosions or dome collapse events. New pyroclastic flow deposits were observed in the Tar River Valley. The 26 October event created an ash cloud that rose ~15,000 feet.

This information was summarized from the Smithsonian Institution's Preliminary Notices of Volcanic Activity.

On 26 October, an ash cloud erupted from the Soufriere Hills Volcano.

This information was summarized from the Smithsonian Institution's Preliminary Notices of Volcanic Activity.

Click here to view NOAA satellite images of the eruption.

Week of August 13-20, 1999: Activity at volcano remained low. On August 20th, two minor volcano tectonic swarms were recorded under the volcanic edifice. 50 rockfalls and 84 volcano-tectonic earthquakes were recorded. Unstable masses sit above Gages, Tuitt's and Galway's. Small rockfalls are being produced in these areas.

This information was summarized from the Smithsonian Instituion's Preliminary Notices of Volcanic Activity.

On 3 August, the Soufriere Hills Volcano released an ash cloud that reached 15,000 feet (~4.5 km) above sea level.

This information was summarized from Smithsonian Institution's Preliminary Notices of Volcanic Activity

The Soufriere Hills Volcano erupted on July 20. There was a moderate explosion and a dome collapsed which produced a large pyroclastic flow in the Tar River Valley. The ash cloud rose above 15,000 feet.

This information was summarized from the Smithsonian Instituion's Preliminary Notices of Volcanic Activity

On 17 June, pyroclastic flows were sourced from the area of the dome above Tuitt's Ghaut. A light ash fall was deposited in Salem and Old Towne. Between 11-18 June, a total of 120 rockfall signals and 20 volcano-tectonic earthquakes were recorded. On 18 June, ash rose to 7,000 feet (~2km) above sea level. On 2 July, an ash cloud rose 15,000 feet (~4.5) above sea level. On 4 July, ash rose to less than 25,000 (~8km) above sea level. Residents of Montserrat are advised to keep listening to the radio for any volcanic alerts.

This information was summarized from the Smithsonian Institution's Preliminary Notices of Volcanic Activity

On 5 June 1999, an ash plume rose to at least 12,000 ft (~3.5 km) above sea level. Pyroclastic flows went down the Tar River and Tuittis Ghaut. A new scoop had been eroded into the dome above Tuittis Ghaut, and a new ashy fumarole was visible in the depression. Up to 1 cm of ash had been deposited in Salem and Old Towne.

This information was summarized from the Smithsonian Institution's Preliminary Notices of Volcanic Activity.

A pyroclastic flow travelled down the Tar River valley and reached the sea. A large ash cloud from the event was blown to the northwest by strong winds. Further dome collapse could occur at any time, as the dome remains unstable.

This information was summarized from the Montserrat Volcano Observatory.

January 15, 1999

A small explosive event occurred at Soufrierre Hills, sending an ash cloud to at least 15,000 ft. Light ash fall affected areas to the northwest, including Salem, Old Towne and Olveston. No pyroclastic flows were observed from this event.

This information was summarized from the Monserrat Volcano Observatory.

January 13, 1999

There was a violent eruption of Soufriere Hills volcano at 6:30 am on January 13. A vertical ash column rapidly rose to heights of 20,000 feet (~6,000 m). A great amount of thunder and lightning occurred within this cloud. Ash from this plume fell to the west over the area from Cork Hill to Plymouth. A pyroclastic flow from the event moved down the Tar River valley to the sea. Steam clouds were created as the flow contacted the water.

This information was summarized from the Montserrat Volcano Observatory.

November 12, 1998

The largest collapse of the dome since July occurred on the morning of November 12. Pyroclastic flows were sent down Gages valley, the White River Valley, and the Tar River Valley. Flows down the Gages Valley flowed through Plymouth and reached the sea. Other lobes from this flow spread into the Amersham area, and burning was seen in the port area. The flows down the Tar River Valley also reached the sea. Flows down the White River Valley reached the coast and spread out over the new fan. An ash cloud from this event reached 25,000 ft (7500 m) and showered ash over the entire island. Further collapses from the dome are expected.

This information was summarized from the Monserrat Volcano Observatory.

November 2, 1998

Further dome collapse on November 2 sent pyroclastic flows down the Tar River Valley and into the White River. The flows down the Tar River Valley reached the sea. An accompanying ash cloud reached 10,000 ft (3000 m) and drifted west.

This information was summarized form a report by the Montserrat Volcano Observatory.

October 31, 1998

Another small dome collapse occurred, sending ash falls into populated areas north of Montserrat. Pyroclastic flows were produced in the White River and Gages valley. Larger dome collapses in the Galways area are possible in the near future.

This information was summarized form a report by the Montserrat Volcano Observatory.

October 26, 1998

A small collapse of the dome occurred on October 26, sending pyroclastic flows down the Tar River and White River valleys. Flows down the Tar River Valley reached the sea. These flows also reached the Tar River Estate House. Ash from this event fell as far north as St. Peters. Ash clouds reached 20,000 to 25,000 ft (~6,000-7,500 m) high. About one inch of ash fell on Richmond Hill.

This information was summarized form a report by the Montserrat Volcano Observatory.

October 20, 1998

A dome collapse occurred, sending pyrocalstic flows down Gages Valley towards Plymouth. This pyroclastic flow stretched about 2 miles (~3 km) from the edge of the dome. A plume rose above the volcano and produced thunder and lightening. Ash from this plume fell in Old Towne and areas to the south.

This information was summarized form a report by the Montserrat Volcano Observatory.

October 18, 1998

Another partial collapse of the dome today led to additional pyroclastic flows and an ash cloud reaching 7000 ft (~2000 m).

This information was summarized form a report by the Montserrat Volcano Observatory.

October 12, 1998

A partial collapse of the northern side of the dome on Soufrierre Hills Volcano caused pyroclastic flows in two valleys on Montserrat. An associated ash cloud reached heights of 25,000 ft (~7500 m). Ash from this event also fell on the western side of the island in the areas of Cork Hill, Old Towne, Olveston, Salem and the Belham Valley.

This information was summarized form a report by the Montserrat Volcano Observatory.

July 3, 1998

Major activity at Soufrierre Hills Volcano on Montserrat began at about 3 a.m. on July 3rd. Intense earthquakes for three to four minutes led to a major dome collapse. This collapse produced pyroclastic flows for over two and one half hours. Most of this flow activity occurred in the Tar River valley. Pyroclastic material was deposited throughout the entire river. This material reached the sea, increasing the size of the Tar River delta. Ash fell over the entire island, as well as nearby Nevis and St. Kitts. An ash plume reached heights of over 45,000 ft (14,000 m). Heavy rains around noon caused mudflows from the volcano for about 30 minutes. Around 2 p.m., activity began again. This time three to four minutes of seismic activity led to a small explosion from the dome. A dark ash plume rose 10,000-15,000 ft (3,000-4,500 m) above the volcano. This ash moved west over Salem, Old Towne and Olveston. The volcano is still very dangerous, and further explosions and pyroclastic flows down all sides of the volcano are possible.

This information was summarized form a report by the Montserrat Volcano Observatory.

December 26, 1997

A major eruption occurred on the morning of December 26 when the dome on Soufriere Hills Volcano collapsed. Most of the material from this collapse traveled down the White River. A large and destructive pyroclastic cloud moved down the White River with the flow. This cloud moved over the villages of Morris, Reids, St. Patricks, Trials, and Fairfield. Two explosions occurred shortly after the dome collapsed. The ash plume from this event reached 36,000 ft (11,000 m).

This information was summarized from the Montserrat Volcano Observatory page.

November 27, 1997

Large, slow moving pyroclastic flows occurred over Galways Wall on November 27. These flows reached the new fan at the end of the White River but did not enter the sea. There is still danger of continuing pyroclastic flows and renewed explosive activity.

This information was summarized from the Montserrat Volcano Observatory page.

November 11, 1997

A large dome collapse sent pyroclastic flows down the White River Valley on November 4. This flow reached the sea. The dome collapse lasted for more than one hour and contributed about 70 million cubic feet (2 million cubic meters) of material to the flow. The ash cloud from the flow reached 10,000 ft (~3000 m). Steam and ash venting has continued from the dome. Fumaroles also continue vigorous venting on the northern face of the dome.

There was another dome collapse on November 6. Pyroclastic flows from this collapse also traveled down the White River and reached the sea. The ash cloud from these flows reached 15,000 ft (~4500 m) and was blown west.

Activity at the volcano has decreased since these events, but the area is still very dangerous. Additional dome collapse and renewed explosions could occur at any time.

The information for this report was summarized from the Montserrat Volcano Observatory page.

October 28, 1997

No explosions have occurred at Soufriere Hills volcano on Montserrat in the last eight days. However, a new lava dome began to grow on the volcano on October 22. It stands well over 250 ft (80 m) above the northeastern crater edge and is growing at a rate of 280 cubic ft (8 cubic meters) per second. On October 28, earthquake activity began to increase drastically at the volcano. This indicates that new explosions and pyroclastic flows could be near.

This information was summarized from the Montserrat Volcano Observatory.

October 2, 1997

Three more explosions occurred over the last 24 hours. Each of these explosions were followed by pyroclastic flows down all sides of the volcano. Flows of pumice and ash reached the sea through the Tar River valley and White River valley. They also reached Farms, Dyer's and Plymouth. The large amount of material deposited on the volcano during this activity allows each subsequent flow to travel farther. Eruption columns rose to heights of 20,000 to 40,000 ft (6000-12,000 m) after each explosion. Ash and pumice clasts up to almost 1 inch (~2 cm) in diameter has fallen on inhabited areas of Montserrat from these explosions.

This information was summarized from the Montserrat Volcano Observatory page.

October 1, 1997

Over the last week, explosions have been occurring at Soufriere Hills Volcano about every 9 hours. Three explosions occurred on October 1. Each was followed by large pyroclastic flows, and accompanying ash clouds were blown over populated areas. These flows moved down the Tar River Valley nearly to the sea and down Tuitt's Ghaut to Trant's. Ash clouds reached heights of 20,000 to 25,000 feet (6,000-7,500 m) and blew to the NW and out to sea. Ash and gravel sized rock fell over populated areas to the north. Ash venting was seen after all three explosions.

This information was summarized from the Monserrat Volcano Observatory page.

September 26, 1997

Two more explosions occurred after 8:00 pm on September 25. Both led to pyroclastic flows down Gages Valley. The first was heard over much of Montserrat and dropped ash and pumice particles on the northern part of the island in populated areas. Pieces of rock up to 1 inch (2 cm) in diameter fell on parts of the island.

The second explosion generated an ash plume 10,000 ft (3000 m) high. This explosion dropped ash and rock fragments in Old Towne and pumice clasts as far north as St. Johns.

This information was summarized from the Montserrat Volcano Observatory.

September 25, 1997

A total of five explosive events have occurred at Soufriere Hills volcano in Montserrat over the last two days. These explosions have generated ash clouds over 10,000 ft (3000 m) high with one reaching 20,000 ft (6000 m). The wind has blown most of the ash and other particles to the west, but if the wind switches to the north, populated areas of Montserrat could be showered with this material. Large pyroclastic flows have accompanied each of these explosions. During one event, collapse of the vertical ash column generated pumice flows.

This information was summarized from the Montserrat Volcano Observatory.

September 23, 1997

The eruption of September 21 that destroyed the airport also wiped out any buildings remaining in Bethel and devestated Tuitts' and Spanish Point. In light of this destruction and the fact that the dome doesn't seem to have lost significant volume from these flows, the British government is considering using force for the first time to remove people from exclusion zones.

Elton John, Paul McCartney, Sting, Eric Clapton, Mark Knopfler and Phil Collins all performed at a concert in London on September 15 to benefit the victims of the volcanic eruption on Montserrat. The concert was shown on pay-per-view television on September 20 and was hoped to have raised around $1.6 million for relocation and new housing.

This information was summarized from the September 18 issue of the Grand Forks Herald and from the Montserrat Volcano Observatory.

September 21, 1997

A large pyroclastic flow buried part of the airport runway on Montserrat and set the terminal on fire on September 21. The flow traveled 3 1/2 miles (5.6 km) to the airport and into the sea. Many fish and lobsters were found washed up on shore after the flow heated the water to dangerously high temperatures. Thick ash also was dropped across the entire island. The government of Great Britain has vowed $64 million to replace housing, hospitals and the airport, which has now been totally destroyed.

This information was summarized from a Washington Post/AP article.

September 9, 1997

Scientists are now warning that a major explosion at the Soufriere Hills volcano on Montserrat is likely imminent. Over the past two days, several pyroclastic flows have occurred. These flows continue to press farther to the north. Ash associated with these flows was blown by Hurricane Erika northeast to Antigua. This has caused problems for Antigua's airport, and many of its businesses were forced to close. A plume of ash from Montserrat now stretches over 90 miles (165 km) to the northeast.

The Montserrat Volcano Observatory is urging all residents to move as far north as possible immediately. The southern two-thirds of the island is now completely off limits. Over 5,000 residents are now crowded into shelters at the northern tip of the island. The British government has announced a five year plan to rebuild on the northern part of the island. They have also offered $3,840 to anyone who wants to relocate off the island.

This information was summarized from the Bulletin of the Global Volcanism Network, the Montserrat Volcano Observatory, and a Washington Post/AP article.

September 3, 1997

An 8 mile (15 km) wide plume of ash is now extending about 57 miles (106 km) southwest of Montserrat. The dome inside the Soufriere Hills volcano is growing at a rate of 6-7 cubic meters per second. This is the most rapid rate of growth of the dome since the eruption began in 1985. A major dome collapse is possible at any time and could trigger major pyroclastic flows and large explosions which could shower the entire island with ash and rock.

This information was summarized from the Global Volcanism Network Bulletin and the Montserrat Volcano Observatory.

August 30, 1997

Material on the north side of the dome collapsed today, causing several pyroclastic flows down the northern side of the volcano. Most of these flows have occurred in the regions of Gages and Mosquito Ghaut. A fairly large ash cloud accompanied these flows. This cloud reached heights of 7000-10,000 ft (2100-3000 m) and was blown to the northwest. The flows reached the school at Harris village. Continued explosions and flows can happen without warning. Flows are most likely to occur to the northwest, and explosions could shower the entire island with ash and rocks.

This information was summarized from the Montserrat Volcano Observatory.

August 25, 1997

The evacuation of Montserrat is continuing very slowly even though scientists warn that a "massive, cataclysmic" eruption is possible on the island. About 4,000 of the original 11,000 residents remain on Montserrat. Many of those who remain do so because they feel the British government has not offered them enough compensation for their losses. Adults have been offered approximately $4,000 and children about $1,700.

This report was summarized from a CNN/Reuters report.

August 19, 1997

From 9:15 last night until about 12:35 this morning, there were continuous tremors and rockfalls and near-continuous ash production. Gas plumes have been common, and occasional minor explosions or ash emissions have been detected.

Longer and more intense explosions may occur, and Montserrat residents are advised to seek shelter under strong roofs and wear helmets or whatever other head protection is available in such a case. After explosions, small rocks and ash are likely to fall, making driving dangerous. Masks should be worn when outdoors too.

Pyroclastic flows are expected on all flanks of the volcano, making entry unsafe into the exclusion zone, including the Belham river valley. People living south of the Nates River were evacuated overnight.

This information summarized from the August 19 morning report by the Montserrat Volcano Observatory.

August 16, 1997

An increase in activity has prompted authorities to expand the exclusion zone and offer residents money and transportation to neighboring islands.

Details such as the exact amount of money to be offered and who will be offered the deal first have yet to be disclosed.

In the meantime, the governor of Montserrat has ordered the evacuation of the towns of Flemmings, Hope, Olveston, and Salem before nightfall, citing a report by the Montserrat Volcano Observatory that the central part of the island is in more danger than previously thought.

Residents were advised to pack extra food, water, medicine and any other personal items they wish to take.

This information summarized from a CNN/Associated Press report.

August 8, 1997

Soufriere Hills volcano erupted again on Wednesday, August 6. Pyroclastic flows from this and past eruptions that have reached Plymouth have virtually destroyed the capital city. Over 80% of the buildings there are either badly damaged or destroyed. The August 6 eruption was explosive enough to shower even the safe zone at the north end of the island with debris. Ash deposits in Plymouth have grown up to 4 ft (1.22 m) thick. Officials have now ordered an evacuation of the central region of the island, once considered safe. Plumes of ash from this eruption have reached heights of 40,000 ft (12,000 m) and dropped ash on the islands of Nevis and Antigua, which are over 25 miles (40 km) away.

This information was summarized from a CNN/Reuters report.

August 5, 1997

There were two periods of earthquake activity on August 5 which ended in violent explosions and large pyroclastic flows. Large vertical plumes were generated from these explosions. Blocks of pumice up to 3 inches (8 cm) in diameter fell around the volcano. Pyroclastic flows travelled down the Tar river valley and into the sea. Flows also travelled down Tuitts and Mosquito Ghauts. Some material overflowed from Mosquito Ghaut into the Farrells Yard area. Ash was generated every 20-30 seconds after the flow activity. This lasted about 40 minutes.

This information was summarized from the August 4-5 report by the Montserrat Volcano Observatory.

August 3, 1997

Pyroclastic flows from Soufriere Hills volcano on Montserrat have reached the capital city of Plymouth. Many homes and businesses can be seen burning from several miles away. Fire fighters have been unable to stop these flames which threaten to consume the entire city. Flows in Gages Valley have also caused fires in Gages Village. These flows generated ash plumes which reached elevations of over 15,000 ft (4500 m). Ashfalls occurred in Isles Bay, Ole Towne, Salem and several other areas west of the volcano.

In the wake of this event and a June 25 event which left 10 dead and nine others missing, the British government is considering permanently relocating all of Montserrat's citizens off the island.

This information was summarized from a Washington Post/AP article and from the Montserrat Volcano Observatory page.

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