SHIVELUCH Kamchatka Peninsula, Russia 56.653°N, 161.360°E; summit elev. 3,283 m; All times are local (= UTC + 12 hours [or 13 hours in March-June]) Reports from 2000: | December | Reports from 2001: | January | February | March | April | May | June | July | August | September | October | November | December | Reports from 2002: | January | February | March | April | May | June | July | August | September | October | November | December | Reports from 2003: | January | February | March | April | May | Reports from 2004: | January | February | March | April | May | June | July | August | September | October | November | December | Shiveluch Eruptive History Information from the USGS Global Volcanism Program -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 29 November- 5 December 2000 On 24 November a gas-and-steam plume rose 400 m above the volcano and extended 5 km to the E. No seismicity was registered at Shiveluch during most of the period during 24 November to 1 December, but at 0935 on 27 November a strong, shallow seismic event occurred. KVERT raised the Concern Color Code from Green to Yellow. Source: KVERT via Alaska Volcano Observatory -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 6-12 December 2000 For most of the period during 1-8 December weak seismicity was registered at the volcano, however two seismic events occurred that were above normal levels. First, at 1853 on 6 December seismic data indicated that a gas-and-ash explosion may have occurred. The possible explosion was registered as a shallow seismic event and was followed by volcanic tremor. Then, at 1556 on 7 December another shallow seismic event and possible gas-and-ash explosion occurred. The height of the cloud was estimated on the basis of seismicity at about 4-4.5 km a.s.l. The Concern Color Code at the volcano remained at Yellow. Source: KVERT via Alaska Volcano Observatory -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 13-19 December 2000 KVERT reported that the character of volcanic activity at Shiveluch did not change during 9-16 December. Weak seismicity was registered at the volcano during most of the week. Much like the previous week, two seismic events occurred that were above normal levels. First, at 2147 on 9 December a shallow seismic event was likely accompanied by a gas-and-ash explosion that sent a cloud to an inferred 3.5 km a.s.l. The event was followed by volcanic tremor for ~0.5 hour. The second possible gas-and-ash explosion occurred at 0021 on 12 December. The cloud was again inferred from seismic data to have risen to ~4 km a.s.l. These inferred plume heights were determined by comparing the amplitude of the seismic wave caused by the eruption to the heights of ash clouds observed in the past associated with earthquakes with similar amplitudes. After the 12 December event, volcanic tremor was registered for 1 hour. The Concern Color Code at the volcano remained at Yellow. Source: KVERT via Alaska Volcano Observatory -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 20-26 December 2000 KVERT reported that much like the previous week, the character of the volcanic activity did not change during 15-22 December. On 15 and 20 December weak seismicity was registered at the volcano and at 2105 on 15 December a seismic event was likely accompanied by a gas-and-ash explosion that sent a cloud to an inferred height of 2 km a.s.l. On 20 December a gas-and-steam plume rose 200-300 m above the crater. KVERT lowered the Concern Color Code from Yellow to Green. Source: KVERT via Alaska Volcano Observatory -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 27 December 2000- 2 January 2001 KVERT reported that seismicity remained at background levels throughout most of the week. Beginning at 0743 on 29 December shallow earthquakes under the volcano were accompanied by short-lived explosions that sent a plume to a height of 2-3 km above the volcano. On 23, 24, and 25 December gas-and-steam plumes were observed rising 300-1,000 m above the crater. KVERT raised the Concern Color Code from Green to Yellow. Source: KVERT via Alaska Volcano Observatory -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 3-9 January 2001 Volcanic activity was above average on 31 December, and on 2, 4, and 5 January: shallow earthquakes were accompanied by short-lived explosions that sent ash plumes to a maximum height of ~2 km above the volcano. On 2 and 4 January a gas-and-steam plume rose 300 m above the crater. The Concern Color Code remained at Yellow. Source: KVERT via Alaska Volcano Observatory -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 17-23 January 2001 On 13 and 18 January seismicity and volcanism rose above background levels. At 0202 on 13 January a shallow earthquake was accompanied by a short-lived explosion, and at 1106 on 18 January similar activity sent an ash cloud to 4.5 km a.s.l. The Concern Color Code remained at Yellow. Source: KVERT via Alaska Volcano Observatory -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 24-30 January 2001 KVERT reported that on 21-24 January seismicity was above background levels and on 20-24 January a gas-and-steam plume rose 50-1,000 m above the volcano. Shallow earthquakes were registered under the volcano along with short-lived explosions at 0444 on 22 January and at 0924 on 24 January. The Concern Color Code remained at Yellow. Source: Kamchatkan Volcanic Eruption Response Team via the Alaska Volcano Observatory -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 31 January- 6 February 2001 The KVERT reported that at 1802 and 1820 on 29 January, shallow earthquakes were registered beneath the volcano that were accompanied by short-lived explosions. The ash cloud produced from the first explosion reached ~2.5 km above the volcano, while the second eruption's ash cloud could not be observed. During 26-31 January a gas-and-steam plume rose 50-800 m above the volcano, and on 1 February a gas-and-steam plume rose 2 km above the volcano. The Concern Color Code remained at Yellow. Source: Kamchatkan Volcanic Eruption Response Team via the Alaska Volcano Observatory -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 7-13 February 2001 The KVERT reported that during most of the week seismicity was at background levels. At 1100 on 2 February a powerful gas-and-ash eruption produced a plume that rose 800 m above the volcano and spread ~3 km towards the W. The same day, observations from Klyuchi town revealed that at 1804 a short-lived eruption produced an ash plume that rose up to ~5.3 km a.s.l. The event was accompanied by a 2-minute-long shallow seismic signal that was detected more than 110 km from the volcano. Afterwards, during 1807 to 1824 strong volcanic tremor was registered. The Concern Color Code remained at Yellow. Source: Kamchatkan Volcanic Eruption Response Team via the Alaska Volcano Observatory -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 14-20 February 2001 The KVERT reported that during 9-16 February seismicity was at background levels. On 9-10 February a gas-and-steam plume rose 1-1.2 km above the volcano. On 12-15 February a gas-and-steam plume rose 300-500 m above the volcano. The Concern Color Code remained at Yellow. Source: Kamchatkan Volcanic Eruption Response Team via the Alaska Volcano Observatory -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 21-27 February 2001 The KVERT reported that during 19-20 February there was an increase in seismic activity. Two- and four-minute-long series of shallow earthquakes were registered, possibly corresponding to weak ash-and-gas explosions. On 22 February, a gas-and-steam plume rose 900 m above the volcano. The Concern Color Code remained at Yellow. Source: Kamchatkan Volcanic Eruption Response Team via the Alaska Volcano Observatory -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 28 February- 6 March 2001 The KVERT reported that during 25-27 February there was an increase in seismic activity. Two- and three-minute-long series of shallow earthquakes were registered and followed by weak volcanic tremor. These outbursts may have corresponded to weak ash-and-gas explosions that reached a height of ~2 km above the crater. On 23, 24, and 28 February gas-and-steam plumes rose 250-600 m above the volcano. The Concern Color Code remained at Yellow. Source: Kamchatkan Volcanic Eruption Response Team via the Alaska Volcano Observatory -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 7-13 March 2001 The KVERT reported that during 2-6 March, several series of shallow earthquakes were registered, with some followed by weak spasmodic volcanic tremor. The bursts of activity may have corresponded to weak ash-and-gas explosions that rose to heights of 2-3 km above the crater. During 3-4 March, visual and satellite-based data revealed that a gas-and-ash plume rose 300-800 m above the crater and drifted more than 50 km to the E. At 1545 on 7 March seismic data indicated the probable occurrence of a short-lived gas-and-ash explosion, accompanied by a series of shallow and high-frequency earthquakes for ~15 minutes. Observers in Klyuchi town reported that at 1600 the same day the ash-and-gas plume rose 1.5 km above the lava dome and extended to the NW. According to a pilot report, at 1620 the ash plume was visible at a height of 10 km above the volcano drifting towards the NE. The AVO reported that satellite imagery at 1715 showed two plumes: one was at a low altitude, composed mostly of steam, and drifted to the E; the other was located 7-8 km a.s.l., composed mostly of ash, and drifted to the N. At 1625 the Tokyo VAAC detected the ash cloud on GMS-5 imagery at a height of ~10 km a.s.l. The ash cloud was no longer visible on satellite imagery by 0342 on 8 March. The Concern Color Code remained at Yellow. Source: Kamchatkan Volcanic Eruption Response Team via the Alaska Volcano Observatory -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 14-20 March 2001 The KVERT reported that seismicity was at background levels. On 9 and 11-14 March gas-and-steam plumes rose 400-1,000 m above the volcano. The Concern Color Code remained at Yellow. Source: Kamchatkan Volcanic Eruption Response Team via the Alaska Volcano Observatory -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 21-27 March 2001 The KVERT reported that seismicity was mainly at background levels. On 18 March a 12-minute-long series of shallow earthquakes registered. On 22 March a 2-minute-long shallow earthquake swarm was followed by 20 minutes of weak spasmodic volcanic tremor. Another 2-minute earthquake swarm occurred shortly thereafter. These seismic bursts are thought to correspond to weak ash-gas explosions to heights of 2,000-3,000 m above the crater. On 18-19 and 22 March gas-and-steam plumes rose 200 m above the volcano. The Concern Color Code remained at Yellow. Source: Kamchatkan Volcanic Eruption Response Team via the Alaska Volcano Observatory -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 28 March- 3 April 2001 The KVERT reported that at 0555 on 24 March a 2-minute-long shallow earthquake was followed by weak spasmodic volcanic tremor that lasted ~10 minutes. This burst of activity may have corresponded to weak ash-and-gas explosions that reached a height of ~2 km above the crater. On 27 March a powerful gas-and-steam plume rose 800 m above the volcano. The Concern Color Code remained at Yellow. Source: Kamchatkan Volcanic Eruption Response Team via the Alaska Volcano Observatory -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 4-10 April 2001 The KVERT reported that at 1638 on 5 April a short-lived explosive eruption, with an accompanying increase in seismic activity, produced an ash-poor plume that rose 4.5-5 km above Shiveluch's dome. At 1725 the plume extended more that 50 km to the SSE. According to the Tokyo VAAC the plume was visible on GMS imagery until ~1430 on 6 April. In addition, during the week small gas-and-steam plumes rose 50-400 m above the volcano and four, 2- to 3-minute-long shallow earthquakes were registered on 2, 4, and 5 April. The Concern Color Code remained at Yellow. Sources: Kamchatkan Volcanic Eruption Response Team via the Alaska Volcano Observatory, Tokyo VAAC -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 11-17 April 2001 Seismicity was at background levels during 6-13 April. Short series of separate, shallow earthquakes and episodes of volcanic tremor were registered during the week. Some of the seismic events may have corresponded to weak ash-and-gas and steam-and-gas explosions. During 6-8 April a gas-and-steam plume rose 500-800 m above the volcano and extended 5-10 km to the E. At 1500 on 7 April a gas-and-steam plume rose up to 1.2 km above the volcano. The Concern Color Code remained at Yellow. Sources: Kamchatkan Volcanic Eruption Response Team via the Alaska Volcano Observatory -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 18-24 April 2001 During 13-20 April seismic activity was above background levels at Shiveluch before increasing sharply on 22 April. Heavy clouds prevented visual observations of the volcano, but seismic data suggested that no ash explosions occurred. Due to the high seismic activity KVERT raised the Concern Color Code from Yellow to Orange. Source: Kamchatkan Volcanic Eruption Response Team via the Alaska Volcano Observatory -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 25 April- 1 May 2001 Following the sharp increase in seismic activity on 22 April the number and magnitude of seismic events continued to increase at Shiveluch until 27 April. The largest earthquake occurred on 27 April (M 4) and the number and magnitude of earthquakes began to slightly decrease on 28 April. Several gas-and-steam plumes that reached a maximum height of 700 m above the volcano were observed starting on 28 April. As of 1 May seismic activity was still significantly above background levels. KVERT stated that the trend of the seismic activity is similar to the increase that preceded the violent 1993 eruption. The Concern Color Code at Shiveluch remained at Orange. Source: Kamchatkan Volcanic Eruption Response Team via the Alaska Volcano Observatory -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 2-8 May 2001 Volcanic activity continued at high levels at Shiveluch, with an increase in seismic activity, a thermal anomaly visible in satellite imagery, several small explosions, and a small pyroclastic-flow-producing eruption. An increase in seismic activity occurred on 1 May following the initial increase on 22 April and subsequent slight decrease on 28 April. The seismic activity increase on 1 May consisted of many shallow earthquakes and episodes of weak spasmodic tremor. Several small eruptions produced gas-and-steam plumes that rose up to 1.5 km. AVO reported that on 2 May a weak thermal anomaly (3 pixels) that was originally detected on 30 April was visible on satellite imagery. By 3 May the thermal anomaly had increased in intensity, with 2 of the 3-4 pixels at or near saturation on the imagery. At 0958 on 7 May an eruption produced an ash-and-gas plume that rose ~4.5 km a.s.l. and extended to the NW. Small pyroclastic flows were visible traveling down the volcano's SW slope. The Concern Color Code at Shiveluch remained at Orange. Sources: Kamchatkan Volcanic Eruption Response Team via the Alaska Volcano Observatory, Tokyo VAAC -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 9-15 May 2001 After a pyroclastic-flow producing eruption occurred at ~0958 on 7 May, seismic activity decreased but it remained above background levels for most of the week, a new extrusive dome formed, and the Concern Color Code was reduced. A noticeable increase in seismic activity occurred between 1820 and 1852 on 7 May, and may have corresponded to an explosion that produced an ash-and-gas plume. The plume was visible in satellite imagery rising up to 4 km a.s.l. and drifting ~40 km to the WNW. A small amount of ash fell in the town of Kliuchi, 46 km from the volcano. During 11-15 May seismic activity continued to decrease, but remained above background levels. Many small earthquakes occurred at the volcano's edifice. At 0900 on 12 May a new extrusive lava dome was observed from Kliuchi that was steaming intensely, 100 m high, 200 m wide at the upper part of the dome, and had a volume of ~10 million m3. Observers in Kliuchi reported that by 2140 on 13 May the dome had grown ~50 m higher. Weak explosions produced ash-and-steam plumes that rose up to 1 km above the new dome. On 16 May the Concern Color Code at Shiveluch was reduced from Orange to Yellow. Source: Kamchatkan Volcanic Eruption Response Team via the Alaska Volcano Observatory -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 21 May 2001 Due to the occurrence of several explosions at Shiveluch, KVERT increased the Concern Color Code to Red on 21 May. They reported that an approximately 40-minute-long eruption began at 1556 on 19 May. An ash cloud rose to an altitude of 10 km a.s.l. and drifted to the NE. Short pyroclastic flows and hot avalanches were observed in the lava dome area. At 1802 and 1814 on 20 May a large thermal anomaly was visible on satellite imagery. At 1925 and 2014 two explosions sent ash columns to heights ranging between 4.7 and 5 km a.s.l. On 21 May at 0713 an explosion sent an ash column to 10-12 km a.s.l. AVO reported that ash was visible on satellite imagery. At 0209 on 22 May an eruption produced a mushroom ash column to a height of ~20 km a.s.l. that drifted to the SSE. Reflected incandescence was observed above the volcano from the town of Klyuchi, 46 km from the volcano. The Concern Color Code changed several times during the week; on 19 May it was raised from Yellow to Red, on 20 May is was reduced to Yellow, and on 21 May it was raised again to Red. Source: Kamchatkan Volcanic Eruption Response Team via the Alaska Volcano Observatory, Anchorage VAAC, Tokyo VAAC -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 16-22 May 2001 Due to the occurrence of several large explosions at Shiveluch, KVERT increased the Concern Color Code to Red on 21 May. An approximately 40-minute-long eruption began at 1556 on 19 May. An ash cloud rose to an altitude of 10 km a.s.l. and drifted to the NE. Short pyroclastic flows and hot avalanches from the lava dome were restricted to areas near the lava dome. At 1802 and 1814 on 20 May a large thermal anomaly was visible on satellite imagery. At 1925 and 2014 two explosions sent ash columns to heights ranging between 4.7 and 5 km a.s.l. At 0713 on 21 May an explosion sent an ash column to 10-12 km a.s.l. AVO reported that ash was visible on satellite imagery. At 0209 on 22 May an eruption produced a mushroom-shaped ash column to a height of ~20 km a.s.l. that drifted to the SSE. Reflected incandescence was observed above the volcano from the town of Klyuchi, 46 km from the volcano. The Concern Color Code changed several times during the week; on 19 May it was raised from Yellow to Red, on 20 May it was reduced to Yellow, and the following day it was raised again to Red. Sources: Kamchatkan Volcanic Eruption Response Team via the Alaska Volcano Observatory, Anchorage VAAC, Tokyo VAAC -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 23-29 May 2001 On 22 May at 0209 an explosive eruption produced a mushroom-shaped ash column that rose to a height of more than 10 km a.s.l. (preliminary reports stated ~20 km). The high-pressure system over N Kamchatka caused the plume to remain fairly stationary over the region as it spread out to cover an area of ~50,000 km2. Observations from the town of Klyuchi, 46 km from the volcano, revealed that the new lava dome (first observed on 12 May) and the W part of the old dome were destroyed during the eruption. After the 22 May eruption several small eruptions produced ash-and-gas clouds that rose up to 2 km a.s.l. On 23 May a large thermal anomaly was observed at Shiveluch. In satellite imagery the anomaly consisted of ten pixels ranging in temperature from 30 to 49 °C with two pixels near saturation. The anomaly may have represented a pyroclastic flow that originated from the dome area. Seismic activity remained above background levels. On 24 May the Concern Color Code was reduced from Red to Orange. Source: Kamchatkan Volcanic Eruption Response Team via the Alaska Volcano Observatory -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 30 May- 5 June 2001 Volcanic activity decreased following the 22 May eruption, therefore, on 30 May the Concern Color Code was further reduced from Orange to Yellow. During the week several small eruptions produced gas-and-steam plumes that rose up to 1.2 km above the old lava dome. Seismic activity decreased in comparison to the previous week, but remained above background levels. Source: Kamchatkan Volcanic Eruption Response Team via the Alaska Volcano Observatory -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 6-12 June 2001 On 5 June a gas-and-steam plume rose 450-1,200 m above the volcano and extended 3-5 km W. A thermal anomaly observed in satellite images on 5 June at 1809 had two saturated pixels (49°C) in a background of 15-25°C. On 6 June at 0756 the anomaly consisted of one pixel at 49.3°C in a background of near 4°C. According to reports from the town of Klyuchi, on 7 June at 1630 an ash-and-gas plume rose 600 m above the dome and extended to the W. At 1650 a short-lived explosion sent an ash-and-gas plume 1,500 m above the volcano accompanied by 3- and 2-minute-long, shallow seismic events. A thermal anomaly was observed in satellite images on 7 June at 1745. Three pixels near saturation (at 44-45°C) stood out from a background of pixels 15-25°C, in addition to a steam-and-ash plume extending to the NW about 33 km. The level of Concern Color Code remained at Yellow. Sources: Kamchatkan Volcanic Eruption Response Team via the Alaska Volcano Observatory, BBC News -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 13-19 June 2001 During 8-14 June seismic activity was above background level at Shiveluch. Many small earthquakes occurred within the volcano's edifice and local seismic signals accompanied explosions, avalanches, and collapses. There were several ash-and-gas eruptions, with the highest eruption cloud reaching up to 2 km above the lava dome. A thermal anomaly was observed on satellite imagery on 8,9, and 10 June. The level of Concern Color Code remained at Yellow. Sources: Kamchatkan Volcanic Eruption Response Team via the Alaska Volcano Observatory -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 20-26 June 2001 During 15-21 June seismic activity was above background levels. Many small earthquakes occurred within the volcano's edifice and episodes of weak spasmodic volcanic tremor were recorded. Local seismic signals accompanied explosions, avalanches, and collapses. Weak steam, gas, and ash explosions rose to a maximum height of 800 m above the lava dome. Sources: Kamchatkan Volcanic Eruption Response Team via the Alaska Volcano Observatory -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 27 June- 3 July 2001 Increases in both seismic activity and explosions at Shiveluch led KVERT to raise the Concern Color Code on 2 July from Yellow to Orange. On 26 June, prior to an increase in seismic activity, a possible thermal anomaly was observed on satellite imagery. The volcanic activity increase may have begun on 28 June at 1500 when the level of volcanic tremor and the number of shallow earthquakes increased. According to reports from observers in the town of Klyuchi (46 km from the volcano) on 29 June at 1150 a short-lived explosion sent an ash-and-gas plume to a height of ~4.5 m a.s.l. During the eruption pyroclastic flows traveled 2.5 to 3 km down the slopes of the volcano. Later in the day and during the next day seismic data suggested that six possible gas-and-ash explosions occurred that produced ash to a maximum height of 8.5 km a.s.l. According to the Tokyo VAAC the largest 30 June explosion began at 0300 and produced an ash plume that ascended to 7.3 km a.s.l. Later during 30 June and 1 July, GOES and other satellite's imagery showed a possible ash cloud drifting over the Bering Sea that may have originated in Kamchatka. According to visual observations from the town of Klyuchi, on 1 July explosions produced ash plumes that rose to 1.5 km above the dome, and at 1250 a short-lived explosion produced an ash-and-gas plume that rose to ~8 km a.s.l and drifted to the E. Pyroclastic flows extended 5 km down the Baidarnaya River. Sources: Kamchatkan Volcanic Eruption Response Team via the Alaska Volcano Observatory, Tokyo VAAC, Pravda R.U. -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 4-10 July 2001 During 29 June to 6 July seismic activity remained above background levels, but the level of explosive volcanic activity decreased in comparison to the previous week. On 2 and 3 July a thermal anomaly was visible on satellite imagery. On 3, 4, and 5 July voluminous gas-and-steam plumes rose 2-2.5 km above the volcano. Due to the decrease in volcanic activity the Concern Color Code at Shiveluch was reduced from Orange to Yellow. Source: Kamchatkan Volcanic Eruption Response Team via the Alaska Volcano Observatory -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 11-17 July 2001 Seismic activity remained above background levels during 6-13 July. Many small earthquakes were recorded within the volcano's edifice, along with weak spasmodic tremor and other local seismic signals, interpreted as related to explosions, avalanches, and collapses. On 6 July explosions sent ash to 0.6-1 km above the volcano. In addition, hot avalanches and pyroclastic flows were observed during clear conditions to be traveling down the flanks of the volcano. The Concern Color Code remained at Yellow. Source: Kamchatkan Volcanic Eruption Response Team via the Alaska Volcano Observatory -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 18-24 July 2001 A moderate-sized eruption at Shiveluch on 19 July prompted KVERT to raise the Concern Color Code from Yellow to Orange the same day. The eruption occurred at 1033 and produced an ash plume that rose 3 km above the lava dome. Prior to the eruption, during 14 through 16 July, spasmodic volcanic tremor increased several times. On 15 July at 1803 a three-pixel thermal anomaly was visible on AVHRR satellite imagery near the SW flank of the volcano. Also, at 2100 a gas-and-steam plume was observed rising 1.5 km above the dome. Source: Kamchatkan Volcanic Eruption Response Team via the Alaska Volcano Observatory -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 25-31 July 2001 During the week seismic activity remained above background levels, with many small earthquakes occurring within the volcano's edifice and many different seismic signals (explosion, avalanche, collapse) recorded locally. Gas-and-steam plumes were observed from Klyuchi town and the highest cloud rose to 2 km above the lava dome. One- to three-pixel anomalies were occasionally visible on AVHRR imagery near the SW flank of the volcano. The volcano remained at Concern Color Code Orange. Source: Kamchatkan Volcanic Eruption Response Team via the Alaska Volcano Observatory -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1-7 August 2001 During the week seismic activity remained above background levels, with many small earthquakes occurring within the volcano's edifice and several different seismic signals (explosion, avalanche, collapse) recorded locally. The level of continuous spasmodic volcanic tremor increased on 28 July and again on 30 July. Gas-and-steam plumes were observed rising to a maximum height of 1 km above the dome and on the night of 1 August ash fell in the town of Klyuchi, 46 km from the volcano. One- to three-pixel thermal anomalies were occasionally visible in satellite imagery. The volcano remained at Concern Color Code Orange. Source: Kamchatkan Volcanic Eruption Response Team via the Alaska Volcano Observatory -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 8-14 August 2001 During the week seismic activity remained above background levels, with many small earthquakes occurring within the volcano's edifice and several different seismic signals (explosion, avalanche, collapse) recorded locally. Small gas-and-steam plumes rose to 200 m above the dome. Thermal anomalies were seen in several areas on satellite imagery. The volcano remained at Concern Color Code Orange. Source: Kamchatkan Volcanic Eruption Response Team via the Alaska Volcano Observatory -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 15-21 August 2001 Seismic activity remained above background levels during the week and included several small earthquakes. On 15 August volcanic tremor decreased gradually to background levels. Observers in Klyuchi reported that on 11 August gas-and-steam plumes rose 1.2-1.5 km above the dome. Several thermal anomalies were recorded on satellite imagery, as well as a gas-and-steam plume extending 75 km SE. The volcano remained at Concern Color Code Orange. Source: Kamchatkan Volcanic Eruption Response Team via the Alaska Volcano Observatory -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 22-28 August 2001 Seismic activity was above background levels during the week. Spasmodic volcanic tremor and weak, shallow seismic signals (possible collapses and avalanches) were registered. Several small explosions produced gas-and-steam plumes that rose to a maximum height of 2 km above the dome. Pyroclastic flows traveled down the flanks of the volcano following an explosion on 23 August. Thermal anomalies were visible on satellite imagery. The volcano remained at Concern Color Code Orange. Source: Kamchatkan Volcanic Eruption Response Team via the Alaska Volcano Observatory -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 29 August- 4 September 2001 Seismic activity was above background levels during 24-31 August. Weak shallow earthquakes within the volcano's edifice and signals that may have represented short-lived explosions were recorded. Thermal anomalies were visible on satellite imagery. The volcano remained at Concern Color Code Orange. Source: Kamchatkan Volcanic Eruption Response Team via the Alaska Volcano Observatory -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 5-11 September 2001 Seismic activity was above background levels during 31 August-7 September. Spasmodic volcanic tremor and weak, shallow seismic signals (possible collapses and avalanches) were registered the entire week. Several gas-and-steam plumes were observed, with the highest rising 1.2 km above the dome. On 4 September an explosion produced an ash plume that rose 1 km above the dome and a 1-km-long pyroclastic flow that traveled to the SE. Thermal anomalies were visible on satellite imagery. The volcano remained at Concern Color Code Orange. Source: Kamchatkan Volcanic Eruption Response Team via the Alaska Volcano Observatory -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 12-18 September 2001 During 7-14 September several gas-and-ash plumes produced from explosions at Shiveluch were observed, with the highest rising 1.2 km above the dome. On 11 September several hot avalanches were observed travelling from the top of the lava dome. On 12 September explosions produced a short pyroclastic flow and an ash plume that rose to 1 km above the dome. During the week, seismic activity was above background levels and spasmodic volcanic tremor and weak, shallow seismic signals (possible collapses and avalanches) were registered. Thermal anomalies were visible on satellite imagery. The volcano remained at Concern Color Code Orange. Source: Kamchatkan Volcanic Eruption Response Team via the Alaska Volcano Observatory -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 19-25 September 2001 During 14-21 September several steam-and-gas clouds were observed, as were ash clouds produced from explosions at Shiveluch, with the highest ash cloud rising 1.1 km above the lava dome. During the week hot avalanches from the summit of the dome were also noted. Seismic activity was above background levels and spasmodic volcanic tremor and weak, shallow seismic signals (possible collapses and avalanches) were registered. Thermal anomalies in the active dome area were visible on satellite imagery. Shiveluch remained at Color Concern Code Orange. Source: Kamchatkan Volcanic Eruption Response Team via the Alaska Volcano Observatory -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 26 September- 2 October 2001 During 28-29 September seismic activity was above background levels and weak, shallow seismic signals (possible collapses and avalanches) were registered. Several small explosions occurred on 30 September, sending ash clouds to the following heights above the dome: 2.5 km at 1323, 3.5 km at 1719, 2.5 km at 1755, and 4.5 km at 1807. An explosion at 2010 produced an umbrella-shaped ash cloud that rose 9 km above the lava dome and extended ~9 km E to W. Large pyroclastic flows traveled ~5 km to the SE. The same day the Concern Color Code was raised from Orange to Red. During 28-30 September thermal anomalies in the active dome area were visible on satellite imagery. Following the eruption, during 30 September at 2100 to 1 October at 0900, seismic activity decreased and the view of the volcano was obscured by clouds. AVHRR satellite imagery at 0757 showed that the ~25-km-diameter ash cloud remained centered over the volcano. On 1 October the Concern Color Code was reduced back to Orange. Sources: Kamchatkan Volcanic Eruption Response Team via the Alaska Volcano Observatory, Anchorage VAAC, Tokyo VAAC, China Daily.com -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 3-9 October 2001 During 28 September to 6 October a lava dome continued to grow in Shiveluch's active crater, and several eruptions produced ash and steam-and-gas clouds. The highest reported ash clouds were produced from eruptions on 1 October at 1641 and 1654. The ash plumes rose to 7 and 7.5 km above the volcano, respectively, and deposited a few millimeters of ash in Klyuchi town, 46 km from the volcano. An eruption the same day at 2210 produced a mushroom-shaped ash cloud that rose to ~3 km above the volcano and extended ~10 km SE. On the evening of 3 October incandescence was visible at the dome. Thermal anomalies in the active dome area were visible on satellite imagery. Spasmodic volcanic tremor and weak, shallow seismic signals (possible collapses and avalanches) were registered. Shiveluch remained at Concern Color Code Orange. Source: Kamchatkan Volcanic Eruption Response Team via the Alaska Volcano Observatory -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 10-16 October 2001 During 6-12 October a lava dome continued to grow in Shiveluch's active crater, and several eruptions produced ash and steam-and-gas clouds. The highest reported steam-and-gas cloud was produced from an eruption on 9 October at 1630 and rose 2 km above the dome. On 10 October at 2250 the reflection from incandescent lava was visible on the dome. Short pyroclastic flows and 400-m-high ash plumes were produced from small explosions on 11 October at 1515 and 1610. Thermal anomalies in the active dome area were visible on satellite imagery. Spasmodic volcanic tremor and weak, shallow seismic signals (possible collapses and avalanches) were registered. Shiveluch remained at Concern Color Code Orange. Source: Kamchatkan Volcanic Eruption Response Team via the Alaska Volcano Observatory -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 17-23 October 2001 During 12-19 October, a lava dome continued to grow in Shiveluch's active crater and several gas-and-steam plumes were observed. The highest reported gas-and-steam plume was produced by an explosion on 17 October at 1740; it rose 1.2 km above the dome and extended 3 km to the W. Thermal anomalies in the active dome area were visible on satellite imagery. Spasmodic volcanic tremor and weak, shallow seismic signals (possible collapses and avalanches) were registered. Shiveluch remained at Concern Color Code Orange. Source: Kamchatkan Volcanic Eruption Response Team via the Alaska Volcano Observatory -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 24-30 October 2001 During 19-26 October, a lava dome continued to grow in Shiveluch's active crater. An explosion during 22-23 October produced a steam-and-gas plume visible from the town of Klyuchi, 46 km from the volcano, rising 4-4.2 km a.s.l. Thermal anomalies in the active dome area were visible on satellite imagery. Spasmodic volcanic tremor and weak, shallow seismic signals (possible collapses and avalanches) were registered. The number of weak shallow seismic events and the intensity of volcanic tremor slowly increased. Shiveluch remained at Concern Color Code Orange. Source: Kamchatkan Volcanic Eruption Response Team via the Alaska Volcano Observatory -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 31 October- 6 November 2001 During 26 October-2 November, a lava dome continued to grow in Shiveluch's active crater. The evening of 29-30 October incandescent avalanches were observed travelling down the W and SW slopes of the lava dome. Gas-and-steam plumes rose ~1.5 km above the dome on 30 and 31 October. Thermal anomalies in the active dome area were visible on satellite imagery. Spasmodic volcanic tremor and weak, shallow seismic signals (possible collapses and avalanches) were registered. The intensity of volcanic tremor was greater than the previous week. Shiveluch remained at Concern Color Code Orange. Source: Kamchatkan Volcanic Eruption Response Team via the Alaska Volcano Observatory -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 7-13 November 2001 During 2-9 November a lava dome continued to grow in Shiveluch's active crater, and several eruptions produced ash, steam, and gas clouds. Inclement weather prevented visual observations of several possible gas-and-ash eruptions on 7 November. However, seismic data suggested these eruptions produced clouds that rose to 6.5-7.5 km. During 1630-1720 ash fell in Klyuchi town ~46 km from the volcano. A thermal anomaly in the active dome area was visible on satellite imagery on 2 November. Spasmodic volcanic tremor and weak, shallow seismic signals (possible collapses and avalanches) were registered. The intensity of volcanic tremor continued to grow slowly during the report period. Sources: Kamchatkan Volcanic Eruption Response Team via the Alaska Volcano Observatory, Tokyo VAAC -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 14-20 November 2001 During 9-16 November a lava dome continued to grow in Shiveluch's active crater and several steam, gas, and ash explosions occurred. Seismic data suggested emissions from these explosions rose to a maximum height of ~4 km above the dome. A short-lived explosion on 9 November at 1200 produced an ash plume that was observed from Klyuchi, ~46 km from the volcano, rising ~1 km above the dome. The same day, during 1750-1810 incandescence was visible on the SE flank of the volcano 50 m below the summit. Thermal anomalies in the active dome area and ash clouds were visible on satellite imagery. Spasmodic volcanic tremor and weak, shallow seismic signals (possible collapses and avalanches) were registered. The intensity of volcanic tremor noticeably diminished during the week. Sources: Kamchatkan Volcanic Eruption Response Team via the Alaska Volcano Observatory, Tokyo VAAC -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 21-27 November 2001 During 16-23 November a lava dome continued to grow in Shiveluch's active crater, and several eruptions produced ash, steam, and gas clouds. The highest reported ash cloud rose to 1-2 km above the dome on 19 November. Thermal anomalies in the active dome area were visible on satellite imagery. About 60 earthquakes with magnitudes greater than or equal to 1.7 occurred and weak, shallow seismic signals (possible collapses and avalanches) were registered. KVERT reduced the Color Concern Code from Orange to Yellow. Source: Kamchatkan Volcanic Eruption Response Team via the Alaska Volcano Observatory -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 28 November- 4 December 2001 During 23-30 November a lava dome continued to grow in Shiveluch's active crater, and small eruptions produced gas-and-steam clouds. The highest reported gas-and-steam cloud rose to 1.3 km above the dome on 27 November. Thermal anomalies in the active dome area were visible on satellite imagery. About 35 earthquakes with magnitudes greater than or equal to 1.7 occurred and weak, shallow seismic signals (possible collapses and avalanches) were registered. The volcano remained at Color Concern Code Yellow. Source: Kamchatkan Volcanic Eruption Response Team via the Alaska Volcano Observatory -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 5-11 December 2001 A lava dome continued to grow in Shiveluch's active crater, and seismic activity remained above background levels. Many weak, shallow earthquakes occurred within the volcano's edifice, along with about 30 earthquakes with magnitudes greater than or equal to 1.7. Other local shallow seismic events (possible collapses, avalanches, or possible weak gas-ash explosions) and episodes of weak volcanic tremor were registered. During 1 December, a gas-and-steam plume rose 400 m above the dome and extended 5 km to the E and NW. According to visual reports from Klyuchi town, at 0910 a short-lived explosive eruption sent an ash plume to ~2 km above the dome. This explosion was visible by airplane pilots. Several thermal anomalies were visible on satellite imagery.The volcano remained at Color Concern Code Yellow. Source: Kamchatkan Volcanic Eruption Response Team via the Alaska Volcano Observatory -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 12-18 December 2001 During 7-14 December more than 40 earthquakes with magnitudes greater than or equal to 1.7 occurred, and weak, shallow seismic signals (possible collapses and avalanches) were registered. On 8, 10, and 13 December gas-and-steam plumes rose 1-2 km above the dome. Thermal anomalies in the active dome area were visible on satellite imagery. The volcano remained at Color Concern Code Yellow. Source: Kamchatkan Volcanic Eruption Response Team via the Alaska Volcano Observatory -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 19-25 December 2001 During 14-21 December, more than 40 earthquakes with magnitudes greater than or equal to 1.7 occurred, and weak, shallow seismic signals (possible collapses and avalanches) were registered. The largest earthquake was M 3. Several gas-and-steam plumes were produced from explosions, with the highest reported plume rising 3.5 km above the lava dome on 20 December at 1618 and drifting to the W. Thermal anomalies were visible on satellite imagery. Source: Kamchatkan Volcanic Eruption Response Team via the Alaska Volcano Observatory -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 26 December 2001 - 1 January 2002 During 21-28 December, about 20 earthquakes with magnitudes greater than or equal to 1.7 occurred, and weak, shallow seismic signals (possible collapses and avalanches) were registered. Seismicity decreased slightly, but remained above background levels. Small gas-and-steam plumes rose above the lava dome. Thermal anomalies were visible on satellite imagery. The Color Concern Code remained at Yellow ("volcano is restless"). Source: Kamchatkan Volcanic Eruption Response Team via the Alaska Volcano Observatory -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 2-8 January 2002 During 28 December-4 January seismicity increased at Shiveluch; about 70 earthquakes with magnitudes greater than or equal to 1.7 occurred in comparison to 20 the previous week. Shallow, weak seismic signals (possible collapses and avalanches) were also registered. Small explosions produced low-rising gas-and-steam plumes, but no ash was visible on satellite imagery. Thermal anomalies were visible on satellite imagery. The Color Concern Code remained at Yellow ("volcano is restless"). Source: Kamchatkan Volcanic Eruption Response Team via the Alaska Volcano Observatory -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 9-15 January 2002 During 4-11 January, about 40 earthquakes with magnitudes greater than or equal to 1.7 occurred, and weak, shallow seismic signals (possible collapses and avalanches) were registered. The total number of earthquakes within the volcano's edifice increased during the week. Several small explosions produced steam-and-gas plumes, with the highest reported plume rising ~1 km above the dome on 5 January. Thermal anomalies were visible on satellite imagery, but ash was not. The Color Concern Code remained at Yellow ("volcano is restless"). Source: Kamchatkan Volcanic Eruption Response Team via the Alaska Volcano Observatory -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 16-22 January 2002 On 17 January, increased seismic energy release prompted KVERT to increase the Color Concern Code at Shiveluch to Orange ("volcano is in eruption or eruption may occur at any time") from Yellow ("volcano is restless"). During 11-18 January the total number of earthquakes within Shiveluch's edifice decreased, but the energy of individual earthquakes increased (up to ~M 3). In addition, weak, shallow seismic signals (possible collapses and avalanches) were registered. Seismic data indicated the occurrence of more intense possible gas-and-ash explosions than occurred during previous weeks. During 13-14 and 15-16 January, gas-and-steam plumes rose 1-1.5 km above the lava dome. On 14 January, a plume extended more than 10 km SE, and rock avalanches were visible continuously rolling down the dome. Thermal anomalies were visible on satellite imagery, but ash was not. Source: Kamchatkan Volcanic Eruption Response Team via the Alaska Volcano Observatory -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 23-29 January 2002 A decrease in seismicity over several days led KVERT to reduce the Concern Color Code at Shiveluch on 23 January to Yellow ("volcano is restless") from Orange ("volcano is in eruption or eruption may occur at any time"). During 18-25 January several small steam-and-gas emissions occurred, with the highest plume rising 800 m above the lava dome. Thermal anomalies were visible on satellite imagery, but ash was not. Source: Kamchatkan Volcanic Eruption Response Team via the Alaska Volcano Observatory -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 30 January-5 February 2002 Seismicity was above background levels at Shiveluch during 26-31 January, but on 1 February at 1859 it increased. During the following 2 hours spasmodic tremor occurred and seismic data suggested that an ash-and-gas plume rose to 2.5 km above the lava dome. Afterwards, seismicity returned to levels seen before the increase. During 25 January-2 February several clouds composed of ash, steam, and/or gas were seen, with the highest rising 2 km above the dome. Thermal anomalies were visible on satellite imagery. The Color Concern Code remained at Yellow ("volcano is restless"). Sources: Kamchatkan Volcanic Eruption Response Team via the Alaska Volcano Observatory, Tokyo VAAC -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 6-12 February 2002 During 1-8 February seismicity was above background levels at Shiveluch with many shallow earthquakes occurring within the volcano's edifice. Shallow, weak seismic signals (possible collapses and avalanches) were also registered. Small explosions produced low-rising gas-and-steam plumes throughout the week. On 2 February short-lived explosions produced an ash-and-gas cloud that rose ~1.5 km above the dome. The eruption was accompanied by an increase in shallow seismic events and hot rock avalanches. Source: Kamchatkan Volcanic Eruption Response Team via the Alaska Volcano Observatory -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 13-19 February 2002 During 8-15 February volcanism increased at Shiveluch and KVERT raised the Color Concern Code on 15 February from Yellow ("volcano is restless") to Orange ("volcano is in eruption or eruption may occur at any time"). During the report period seismicity was above background levels, thermal anomalies were visible on satellite imagery, and several gas-and-ash eruptions occurred. The highest rising gas-and-ash cloud was produced from an eruption on 14 February at 0835; it reached ~ 3 km above the volcano's dome. A short-lived eruption on 15 February at 1501 produced a gas-and-ash plume that rose to 2 km above the dome and pyroclastic flows that extended 2.5 km to the SE. During 1613-1725 the same day, a dense ash plume continuously rose to 2 km above the dome. The Tokyo VAAC received a report that an eruption on 19 February at 1443 produced an ash cloud that reached a height of ~6.7 km above the volcano and drifted to the ESE. Sources: Kamchatkan Volcanic Eruption Response Team via the Alaska Volcano Observatory, Tokyo VAAC -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 20-26 February 2002 Volcanic unrest continued at Shiveluch during 15-22 February, with several ash-and-gas explosions occurring and seismicity remaining above background levels. An eruption on 15 February at 1501 produced an ash cloud accompanied by pyroclastic flows that travelled 2.5 km down the SE slope of the dome. The highest rising observed ash cloud was produced by an eruption on 19 February at 0800; it reached a height of 3.5-4 km above the lava dome. Seismicity included earthquakes with magnitudes less than 2.4 at depths of 0-5 km, many local shallow seismic signals (from possible avalanches or weak gas-ash explosions), and episodes of weak intermittent volcanic tremor. Thermal anomalies and ash clouds were visible on satellite imagery. The volcano remained at Color Concern Code Orange ("volcano is in eruption or eruption may occur at any time"). Sources: Kamchatkan Volcanic Eruption Response Team via the Alaska Volcano Observatory, Anchorage VAAC -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 27 February-5 March 2002 During 22 February-1 March seismic and volcanic activity remained high at Shiveluch; several steam-and-gas and ash-and-gas eruptions occurred, pyroclastic flows travelled down the volcano's flanks, and seismicity remained above background levels. The highest rising ash-and-gas clouds were produced from eruptions on 27 and 28 February, and 1 March; the clouds reached a height of ~2 km. During the week, pyroclastic flows travelled as far as 2 km down the SE side of the lava dome. Seismicity included earthquakes with magnitudes less than 2.3 at depths of 0-5 km, many local shallow seismic signals (from possible avalanches or weak gas-ash explosions), and episodes of weak intermittent volcanic tremor. On the 22nd and the 27th, 1-hour and 45-minute-long series, respectively, of shallow seismic events were registered that may have been associated with pyroclastic flows or gas-and-ash explosions. Thermal anomalies were visible on satellite imagery. The volcano remained at Color Concern Code Orange ("volcano is in eruption or eruption may occur at any time"). Sources: Kamchatkan Volcanic Eruption Response Team via the Alaska Volcano Observatory, Tokyo VAAC -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 6-12 March 2002 During 1-8 March, volcanic activity remained relatively high at Shiveluch. Four short-lived explosive eruptions visible from the town of Klyuchi, 46 km from the volcano, produced ash-and-gas plumes to heights of 1-3 km above the volcano's lava dome. On 3 March at 1500 a mixture of red ash and snow fell in Klyuchi. The ash may have been produced from an eruption at 1447. Seismicity included earthquakes with magnitudes less than 2.4 at depths of 0-5 km, many local shallow seismic signals (from possible avalanches or weak gas-ash explosions), and episodes of weak intermittent volcanic tremor. Thermal anomalies were visible on satellite imagery. The volcano remained at Color Concern Code Orange ("volcano is in eruption or eruption may occur at any time"). Sources: Kamchatkan Volcanic Eruption Response Team via the Alaska Volcano Observatory, Vladivostok News -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 13-19 March 2002 During 8-15 March, volcanic activity at Shiveluch continued and seismicity decreased, but remained above background levels. The highest rising observed gas-and-steam plume reached a height of 2.5 km above the volcano on the 13th. Seismicity included earthquakes with magnitudes less than or equal to 2.1 at depths of 0-9 km, many local shallow seismic signals (from possible avalanches or weak gas-ash explosions), and episodes of weak intermittent volcanic tremor. Thermal anomalies that were 2-4 pixels large were visible on satellite imagery. The volcano remained at Concern Color Code Orange ("volcano is in eruption or eruption may occur at any time"). Source: Kamchatkan Volcanic Eruption Response Team via the Alaska Volcano Observatory -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 20-26 March 2002 A decrease in the level of activity at Shiveluch during 15-22 March led KVERT to reduce the Concern Color Code from Orange ("eruption may occur at anytime") to Yellow ("volcano is restless"). During the week, several gas-and-steam eruption clouds rose 300-1,500 m above the volcano's lava dome. Seismicity included earthquakes with magnitudes less than or equal to 2.2 at depths of 0-9 km, many local shallow seismic signals (from possible avalanches or weak gas-ash explosions), and episodes of weak intermittent volcanic tremor. Thermal anomalies were observed on AVHRR satellite imagery and no ash was detected. Sources: Kamchatkan Volcanic Eruption Response Team via the Alaska Volcano Observatory, Tokyo VAAC -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 27 March-2 April 2002 During 23-29 March, seismicity and volcanism continued at Shiveluch. Ash-and-gas plumes were observed from the town of Klyuchi rising to 2.5 km above the lava dome during 25-27 March. According to seismic data, on 23 March short-lived explosive eruptions sent ash-and-gas plumes to 5 km above the dome. Seismicity included earthquakes with magnitudes less than or equal to 2.4 at depths of 0-5 km, many local shallow seismic signals (from possible avalanches or weak gas-ash explosions), and episodes of weak intermittent volcanic tremor. Thermal anomalies were visible on satellite imagery. Shiveluch remained at Concern Color Code Yellow. Sources: Kamchatkan Volcanic Eruption Response Team via the Alaska Volcano Observatory, Tokyo VAAC -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 3-9 April 2002 During 29 March-5 April, several gas-and-steam and ash-and-gas emissions occurred at Shiveluch. In addition, seismicity decreased in comparison to previous weeks, but remained above background levels. The highest rising ash-and-gas plume observed was produced from a short-lived explosive eruption on 30 March at 2042. Seismicity during the report period included earthquakes with magnitudes less than or equal to 2.1 at depths of 0-10 km, many local shallow seismic signals (from possible avalanches or weak gas-and-ash explosions), and episodes of weak intermittent volcanic tremor. Thermal anomalies were visible on satellite imagery, but ash was not. Shiveluch remained at Concern Color Code Yellow. Source: Kamchatkan Volcanic Eruption Response Team via the Alaska Volcano Observatory -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 10-16 April 2002 During 5-12 April, gas-and-steam and ash-and-gas emissions occurred at Shiveluch and seismicity remained above background levels. A short-lived explosive eruption on 10 April at 0900 produced an ash-and-gas plume that rose 1 km above the volcano. Seismicity during the report period included earthquakes with magnitudes less than or equal to 2.1 at depths of 0-9 km, many local shallow seismic signals (from possible avalanches or weak gas-and-ash explosions), and episodes of weak intermittent volcanic tremor. Thermal anomalies were visible on AVHRR satellite imagery, but ash was not. Shiveluch remained at Concern Color Code Yellow. Source: Kamchatkan Volcanic Eruption Response Team via the Alaska Volcano Observatory -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 17-23 April 2002 During 12-19 April, gas-and-steam and ash-and-gas emissions occurred at Shiveluch and seismicity remained above background levels. A short-lived explosive eruption on 15 April at 1906 produced an ash-and-gas plume that rose 1 km above the volcano. Seismicity during the report period included earthquakes with magnitudes less than or equal to 2.3 at depths of 0-5 km, many local shallow seismic signals (from possible avalanches or weak gas-and-ash explosions), and episodes of weak intermittent volcanic tremor. Thermal anomalies were visible on AVHRR satellite imagery, but ash was not. Shiveluch remained at Concern Color Code Yellow ("volcano is restless"). Source: Kamchatkan Volcanic Eruption Response Team via the Alaska Volcano Observatory -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 24-30 April 2002 During 19-26 April, there were several emissions of gas, steam, and ash. The highest rising ash cloud reached 800 m above the volcano and visual observations suggested that rockfalls probably accompanied the eruption. Seismicity decreased slightly during the report period; there were earthquakes with magnitudes less than or equal to 2.0 at depths of 0-5 km, many local shallow seismic signals (from possible avalanches or weak gas-and-ash explosions), and intermittent episodes of weak volcanic tremor. Thermal anomalies were visible on AVHRR satellite imagery, but ash was not. Shiveluch remained at Concern Color Code Yellow ("volcano is restless"). Source: Kamchatkan Volcanic Eruption Response Team via the Alaska Volcano Observatory -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1-7 May 2002 During 26 April-3 May, there were several small emissions of gas and steam at Shiveluch. The character of seismicity changed in comparison to the previous week, with more deep earthquakes occuring and no significant events indicating explosions were registered. There were earthquakes with magnitudes less than or equal to 2.0 at depths of 0-9 km, many local shallow seismic signals, and intermittent episodes of weak volcanic tremor. Thermal anomalies were visible on AVHRR satellite imagery. On 5 May at 0945 an ash plume rose 1.5 km above the lava dome. Shiveluch remained at Concern Color Code Yellow ("volcano is restless"). Source: Kamchatkan Volcanic Eruption Response Team via the Alaska Volcano Observatory -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 8-14 May 2002 During 3-10 May, there were several small emissions of gas, steam, and ash at Shiveluch. A short-lived eruption on 5 May at 0945 produced an ash-and-gas plume that rose 1.5 km above the lava dome and was accompanied by a 4-minute-long shallow seismic event. Seismicity during the report period included earthquakes with magnitudes less than or equal to 2.1 at depths of 0-6 km, many local shallow seismic signals (from possible avalanches or weak gas-and-ash explosions), and episodes of weak intermittent volcanic tremor. Thermal anomalies were visible on AVHRR satellite imagery, but ash was not. Shiveluch remained at Concern Color Code Yellow ("volcano is restless"). Source: Kamchatkan Volcanic Eruption Response Team via the Alaska Volcano Observatory -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 15-21 May 2002 During 10-17 May, there were several small emissions of gas, steam, and ash at Shiveluch. Seismicity included earthquakes with magnitudes less than or equal to 2.1 at depths of 0-6 km, many local shallow seismic signals (from possible avalanches or weak gas-and-ash explosions), and episodes of weak intermittent volcanic tremor. Thermal anomalies were visible on AVHRR satellite imagery, but ash was not. Shiveluch remained at Concern Color Code Yellow ("volcano is restless"). Source: Kamchatkan Volcanic Eruption Response Team via the Alaska Volcano Observatory -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 22-28 May 2002 During 17-24 May, there were several small emissions of gas, steam, and ash at Shiveluch. Weak earthquakes occurred at depths of 0-6 km, accompanied by many local shallow seismic signals (from possible avalanches or weak gas-and-ash explosions). There were also episodes of weak intermittent volcanic tremor. Thermal anomalies were visible on AVHRR satellite imagery, but ash was not. Shiveluch remained at Concern Color Code Yellow ("volcano is restless"). Source: Kamchatkan Volcanic Eruption Response Team via the Alaska Volcano Observatory -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 29 May-4 June 2002 Due to an increase in volcanic and seismic activity at Shiveluch, KVERT raised the Concern Color Code from Yellow ("volcano is restless") to Orange ("volcano is in eruption or eruption may occur at any time"). On 1 June at 1616 a short-lived explosive eruption produced an ash-and-gas plume to a height of 3 km above the lava dome. The plume was visible from Klyuchi town, 46 km from Shiveluch. Two ~3-minute-long shallow seismic events were recorded at 1615 and 1626. Prior to the eruption, on 31 May at 1530, a ML (local magnitude) 3.1 earthquake occurred. On 1 June continuous volcanic tremor occurred for about an hour. Small gas-and-steam plumes rose to 1.3 km above the dome. Thermal anomalies were visible on satellite imagery on 31 May and 1 June. Source: Kamchatkan Volcanic Eruption Response Team via the Alaska Volcano Observatory -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 5-11 June 2002 During 2-7 June, several short-lived explosive eruptions per day sent ash-and-gas plumes 0.7-1 km above the lava dome, gas-and-steam plumes rose to 2.5 km above the dome, and seismicity was above background levels. Seismicity included earthquakes with magnitudes less than or equal to 2.3 at depths of 0-6 km, many local shallow seismic signals (from possible avalanches or weak gas-and-ash explosions), and episodes of weak intermittent volcanic tremor. Thermal anomalies were visible on AVHRR satellite imagery, but ash was not. Shiveluch remained at Concern Color Code Orange ("volcano is in eruption or eruption may occur at any time"). Source: Kamchatkan Volcanic Eruption Response Team via the Alaska Volcano Observatory -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 12-18 June 2002 During 7-14 June, seismicity at Shiveluch remained above background levels and included earthquakes with magnitudes less than or equal to 2.3 at depths of 0-6 km, many local shallow seismic signals (from possible avalanches or weak gas-and-ash explosions), and episodes of weak intermittent volcanic tremor. According to interpretations of seismic data, from one to three short-lived explosive eruptions per day probably sent ash-and-gas plumes ~1 km above the lava dome. Thermal anomalies were visible on AVHRR satellite imagery, but ash was not. The Concern Color Code was reduced from Orange ("volcano is in eruption or eruption may occur at any time") to Yellow ("volcano is restless"). Source: Kamchatkan Volcanic Eruption Response Team via the Alaska Volcano Observatory -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 19-25 June 2002 During 14-21 June, seismicity at Shiveluch remained above background levels and included earthquakes at depths of 0-6 km with magnitudes less than or equal to 2.4 on the 14th and less than or equal to 2 during the rest of the week. In addition, many local shallow seismic signals (from possible avalanches or weak gas-and-ash explosions) and episodes of weak intermittent volcanic tremor occurred. According to interpretations of seismic data, short-lived explosive eruptions on the 15th and 19th probably sent ash-and-gas plumes ~1 and 1.5 km above the lava dome, respectively. Thermal anomalies were visible on AVHRR satellite imagery, but ash was not. The Concern Color Code remained at Yellow ("volcano is restless"). Source: Kamchatkan Volcanic Eruption Response Team via the Alaska Volcano Observatory -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 26 June-2 July 2002 Seismicity declined at Shiveluch during 21-28 June, but remained above background levels. It included earthquakes with magnitudes less than or equal to 1.9 at depths of 0-6 km, many local shallow seismic signals (from possible avalanches or weak gas-and-ash explosions), and episodes of weak intermittent volcanic tremor. Gas-and-steam plumes reached to 3 km above the lava dome and small avalanches were captured on video rolling down the dome on 23 June. Thermal anomalies were visible on AVHRR satellite imagery, but ash was not. The Concern Color Code remained at Yellow ("volcano is restless"). Source: Kamchatkan Volcanic Eruption Response Team via the Alaska Volcano Observatory -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 3-9 July 2002 During 28 June to 5 July, seismicity continued to decline at Shiveluch, but remained above background levels. It included earthquakes with magnitudes less than or equal to 1.7 at depths of 0-6 km, many local shallow seismic signals (from possible avalanches or weak gas-and-ash explosions), and episodes of weak intermittent volcanic tremor. Gas-and-steam plumes reached to 2 km above the lava dome. Thermal anomalies were visible on AVHRR satellite imagery, but ash was not. The Concern Color Code remained at Yellow ("volcano is restless"). Source: Kamchatkan Volcanic Eruption Response Team via the Alaska Volcano Observatory -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 10-16 July 2002 During 5-12 July, seismicity generally continued to decline at Shiveluch, but remained above background levels. Earthquakes less than M 1.7 occurred at depths of 0-6 km accompanied by many local shallow seismic signals from possible avalanches or weak gas-and-ash explosions. During the report period the level of volcanic tremor increased; there was a tremor episode on the 9th from 0510 to 0540 in which the amplitude sharply increased to 10 times the previous level. Several short-lived explosions produced ash-and-gas plumes ~1-1.5 km above the lava dome. Some explosions were accompanied by rock avalanches and pyroclastic flows. Gas-and-steam plumes rose 0.2-1.5 km above the dome. Thermal anomalies were visible on satellite imagery, but ash was not. The Concern Color Code remained at Yellow ("volcano is restless"). Source: Kamchatkan Volcanic Eruption Response Team via the Alaska Volcano Observatory -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 17-23 July 2002 During 12-19 July, seismicity slightly increased and remained above background levels. After a nearly 3-week-long hiatus, individual earthquakes with magnitudes between 1.8 and 2.0 began to occur again. In addition, smaller earthquakes were detected at depths of 0-6 km. There were many other local shallow seismic signals, which possibly indicated weak ash-poor explosions up to 1 km above the dome. Avalanches were also registered. During the week the level of volcanic tremor continued to increase constantly and gas-and-steam emissions rose to 2 km above the dome. Thermal anomalies were visible on satellite imagery, but ash was not. The Concern Color Code remained at Yellow ("volcano is restless"). Source: Kamchatkan Volcanic Eruption Response Team via the Alaska Volcano Observatory -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 24-30 July 2002 During 19-26 July, seismicity remained above background levels at Shiveluch. Individual earthquakes up to M 1.9, as well as a number of smaller earthquakes at depths of 0-6 km, were recorded. Other local seismic signals indicated that possible weak, ash-poor explosions rose to 1 km above the dome. Avalanches were also registered. Gas-and-steam emissions, some possibly including small amounts of fine ash, rose to ~1.5 km above the lava dome. A small, likely ash-rich plume was visible on AVHRR satellite imagery on 22 July at 1804. The plume appeared to be centered over the volcano's summit at a height of about 5.3 km. On 29 July at 2000 the intensity of volcanic tremor increased noticeably in comparison with the previous few days. On 30 July at 0946 a short-lived explosion produced a plume to a height of ~3 km above the dome. KVERT raised the Concern Color Code from Yellow ("volcano is restless") to Orange ("explosive eruption is possible within a few days and may occur with little or no warning"). Source: Kamchatkan Volcanic Eruption Response Team via the Alaska Volcano Observatory -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 31 July-6 August 2002 During 27 July-2 August, seismicity remained above background levels at Shiveluch and a lava dome grew in the active crater. Individual earthquakes of M 1.9-2.4, as well as a number of smaller earthquakes at depths of 0-6 km, were recorded. Other local seismic signals indicated that possible weak, ash-poor explosions rose to 1 km above the dome. Avalanches were also registered. Volcanic tremor increased in intensity on 29 July and remained high until 1 August. Tremor gradually decreased in amplitude during 1-2 August. Gas-and-steam emissions, some possibly including small amounts of fine ash, rose to ~1.5 km above the lava dome. On 30 July a short-lived explosion sent ash-and-gas plumes to ~3 km above the dome. Thermal anomalies of 1-4 pixels were visible on satellite images. On 28 July and 1 August, small steam-and-aerosol plumes were visible extending to the S and 35 km to the NW, respectively. KVERT decreased the Concern Color Code from Orange ("explosive eruption is possible within a few days and may occur with little or no warning") to Yellow ("volcano is restless"). Source: Kamchatkan Volcanic Eruption Response Team via the Alaska Volcano Observatory -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 7-13 August 2002 During 2-9 August, seismicity remained above background levels at Shiveluch. More than ten M 1.8-2.5 earthquakes occurred and there were a number of smaller ones at depths of 0-6 km. Other local shallow seismic signals occurred, which possibly indicated ash-poor explosions (one to five per day to heights of 1.5-3 km above the dome). In addition, avalanches were registered and volcanic tremor decreased slightly. Ash-poor plumes rose to a maximum height of 3 km above the lava dome. Thermal anomalies were visible on satellite imagery, but ash was not. KVERT increased the Concern Color Code from Yellow ("volcano is restless") to Orange ("explosive eruption is possible within a few days and may occur with little or no warning"). Source: Kamchatkan Volcanic Eruption Response Team via the Alaska Volcano Observatory -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 14-20 August 2002 During 9-16 August, seismicity remained above background levels at Shiveluch with about 10 earthquakes occurring with magnitudes 1.7-2.4 and a number of smaller earthquakes at depths of 0-6 km. In addition, many other local shallow seismic signals were registered, which possibly indicated ash-and-gas explosions (one to three per day to heights of 1.5-2.5 km above the dome). Avalanches were also registered. Seismicity decreased slightly by the end of the week. On several days thermal anomalies were visible on satellite imagery. The Concern Color Code was reduced from Orange ("explosive eruption is possible within a few days and may occur with little or no warning") to Yellow ("volcano is restless"). Source: Kamchatkan Volcanic Eruption Response Team via the Alaska Volcano Observatory -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 21-27 August 2002 During 16-23 August, seismicity remained above background levels at Shiveluch, although only three earthquakes with magnitudes of 1.7-1.9 occurred. A number of smaller 0- to 6-km-deep earthquakes were registered, as well as many other local shallow seismic signals. The signals were possibly indicative of avalanches and ash-and-gas explosions (one to three per day reached heights of 1-1.5 km above the dome). Volcanic tremor continued at previous levels. Ash-and-gas plumes rose to a maximum height of 4 km above the dome. Thermal anomalies were visible on satellite imagery, but ash was not. Shiveluch remained at Concern Color Code Yellow ("volcano is restless"). Source: Kamchatkan Volcanic Eruption Response Team via the Alaska Volcano Observatory -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 28 August-3 September 2002 During 23-30 August, volcanic and seismic activity at Shiveluch were at similar levels to the previous week. Seismicity remained above background levels, with the occurrence of three earthquakes with magnitudes 1.7-2.1, and many smaller ones. Seismic data indicated possible avalanches and ash-and-gas explosions that may have sent material 1-2.5 km above the lava dome. Volcanic tremor decreased in comparison to the previous week. Gas-and-steam plumes rose 1-1.2 km above the lava dome. Thermal anomalies were visible on satellite imagery, but ash was not. Shiveluch remained at Concern Color Code Yellow. Source: Kamchatkan Volcanic Eruption Response Team via the Alaska Volcano Observatory -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 4-10 September 2002 During 30 August- 6 September, volcanic and seismic activity at Shiveluch were at similar levels to the previous week. Seismicity remained above background levels, with the occurrence of four earthquakes with magnitudes 2-2.1, and many smaller ones. Seismic data indicated possible avalanches and ash-and-gas explosions that may have sent material 2-2.5 km above the lava dome. Volcanic tremor continued to slowly decrease. On 2 September, a ~15-minute-long episode of strong high-frequency tremor was registered that may have been indicative of an avalanche rolling down the side of the dome. Gas-and-steam plumes rose to 2 km above the lava dome. Thermal anomalies were visible on satellite imagery, but ash was not. Shiveluch remained at Concern Color Code Yellow. Source: Kamchatkan Volcanic Eruption Response Team via the Alaska Volcano Observatory -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 11-17 September 2002 During 6-13 September, volcanic and seismic activity at Shiveluch were above background levels. There were eight earthquakes with magnitudes 2-2.2, and many smaller ones. Seismic data indicated possible avalanches and ash-and-gas explosions that may have sent material to 3 km above the lava dome. Volcanic tremor continued to slowly decrease. Short-lived ash-and-gas plumes were observed rising to 3.5 km above the lava dome. Thermal anomalies were visible on satellite imagery during several days, but ash was not. Shiveluch remained at Concern Color Code Yellow. Source: Kamchatkan Volcanic Eruption Response Team via the Alaska Volcano Observatory -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 18-24 September 2002 During 13-20 September, volcanic and seismic activity at Shiveluch were above background levels. There were eight earthquakes with magnitudes 2-2.3, and many smaller ones. Seismic data indicated possible avalanches and ash-and-gas explosions that may have sent material to 3 km above the lava dome. On 14 September continuous spasmodic volcanic tremor was recorded for about 40 minutes. Short-lived ash-and-gas plumes were observed rising to 3 km above the lava dome. Thermal anomalies were visible on satellite imagery during several days, but ash was not. Shiveluch remained at Concern Color Code Yellow. Source: Kamchatkan Volcanic Eruption Response Team via the Alaska Volcano Observatory -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 25 September-1 October 2002 During 20-27 September, volcanic and seismic activity at Shiveluch were above background levels. There were four earthquakes with magnitudes 2-2.1, and many smaller ones. Seismic data indicated possible avalanches and ash-and-gas explosions that may have sent material to 5.5 km a.s.l. On 25 September continuous spasmodic volcanic tremor was recorded for 27 minutes. Short-lived gas-and-steam plumes were observed rising to 6.5 km a.s.l. Thermal anomalies were visible on satellite imagery during several days, but ash was not. Shiveluch remained at Concern Color Code Yellow. Source: Kamchatkan Volcanic Eruption Response Team via the Alaska Volcano Observatory -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 2-8 October 2002 During 26 September to 4 October, seismicity remained above background levels at Shiveluch. Eleven earthquakes with magnitudes 2-2.7 occurred, as well as many smaller ones. During this interval, seismic data suggested there had been hot avalanches and 38 ash-and-gas explosions in which clouds reached 1-2.5 km above the lava dome. During 30 September to 2 October intermittent spasmodic volcanic tremor was recorded. Video images on 26 September at 1406 and 1759 showed short-lived explosions of ash and gas rising ~2.5 and 0.5 km above the dome, respectively. Thermal anomalies were visible on satellite imagery, but ash was not. Shiveluch remained at Concern Color Code Yellow. Source: Kamchatkan Volcanic Eruption Response Team via the Alaska Volcano Observatory -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 9-15 October 2002 During 4-11 October, seismicity remained above background levels at Shiveluch. Seven earthquakes with magnitudes 2-2.4 occurred, as well as many smaller ones. During this interval, seismic data suggested there had been hot avalanches and 16 ash-and-gas explosions in which clouds reached 1-2 km above the lava dome. Intermittent spasmodic tremor was recorded. Gas-and-steam plumes were visible rising to 1 km above the lava dome. On the evening of the 6th, incandescence was visible at the lava dome. Thermal anomalies were visible on satellite imagery, but ash was not. Shiveluch remained at Concern Color Code Yellow. Source: Kamchatkan Volcanic Eruption Response Team via the Alaska Volcano Observatory -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 16-22 October 2002 During 11-18 October, seismicity remained above background levels at Shiveluch. Four earthquakes occurred with magnitudes 2-2.2, as well as many smaller ones. During this interval, seismic data indicated that there had been hot avalanches and 13 ash-and-gas explosions in which clouds reached 1-2.5 km above the lava dome. Intermittent spasmodic tremor was recorded all week. Gas-and-steam plumes rose to 2 km above the lava dome. Thermal anomalies were visible on satellite imagery, but ash was not. Shiveluch remained at Concern Color Code Yellow. Source: Kamchatkan Volcanic Eruption Response Team via the Alaska Volcano Observatory -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 23-29 October 2002 During 18-25 October seismicity remained above background levels at Shiveluch, but the number of earthquakes decreased. During this interval, seismic data indicated that there had been hot avalanches and 10 ash-and-gas explosions in which clouds reached 1 km above the lava dome. Gas-and-steam plumes rose to ~4.5 km a.s.l. and thermal anomalies were visible on satellite imagery. Shiveluch remained at Concern Color Code Yellow. Source: Kamchatkan Volcanic Eruption Response Team via the Alaska Volcano Observatory -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 30 October-5 November 2002 During 25 October to 1 November, seismicity remained above background levels at Shiveluch. During this interval, seismic data indicated that there had been hot avalanches and eight ash-and-gas explosions in which clouds reached 2 km above the lava dome. Gas-and-steam plumes rose to ~2.5 km a.s.l. and thermal anomalies were visible on satellite imagery. Shiveluch remained at Concern Color Code Yellow. Source: Kamchatkan Volcanic Eruption Response Team via the Alaska Volcano Observatory -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 6-12 November 2002 KVERT raised the Concern Color Code at Shiveluch from Yellow to Orange on 11 November. Visual observations revealed that on the 4th at 1020, the 5th at 0830, and the 6th at 1318, short-lived explosions sent ash-and-gas plumes to heights of approximately 3.5, 1.5, and 2 km above the dome, respectively. During 8-11 November, seismicity remained above background levels. Thermal anomalies and a faint ~11-km-long plume (on the 8th) were visible on satellite imagery, but ash was not. Seismic data on the 11th indicated possible hot avalanches and several ash-and-gas explosions sending clouds up to 5.5 km above the dome. Source: Kamchatkan Volcanic Eruption Response Team via the Alaska Volcano Observatory -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 13-19 November 2002 During 11-14 November, seismicity remained above background levels at Shiveluch. During this interval, seismic data indicated that there had been hot avalanches and seven ash-and-gas explosions in which clouds reached 2-3 km above the lava dome. Weak intermittent spasmodic tremor was registered. According to seismic data, possible short-lived explosions sent ash-and-gas plumes to heights of 5.5 km above the dome. Gas-and-steam plumes were seen rising to ~800 m a.s.l. and thermal anomalies were visible on satellite imagery. Shiveluch remained at Concern Color Code Orange. Source: Kamchatkan Volcanic Eruption Response Team via the Alaska Volcano Observatory -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 20-26 November 2002 During 14-20 November, seismicity remained above background levels at Shiveluch. During this interval, seismic data indicated that there had been hot avalanches and 19 ash-and-gas explosions in which clouds reached 2-3 km above the lava dome. Weak intermittent spasmodic tremor was registered during 14-17 November. Ash-and-gas plumes were seen rising to ~2 km a.s.l. and thermal anomalies were visible on satellite imagery. Shiveluch remained at Concern Color Code Orange. Source: Kamchatkan Volcanic Eruption Response Team via the Alaska Volcano Observatory -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 27 November-3 December 2002 During 22-29 November, KVERT decreased the Concern Color Code at Shiveluch from Orange to Yellow. Seismicity remained above background levels during the report interval and seismic data indicated that there had been hot avalanches and eight ash-and-gas explosions in which clouds reached 1-2 km above the lava dome (the previous week there were 19 ash-and-gas explosions to 2-3 km above the lava dome). Weak intermittent spasmodic tremor was registered during 24-25 November. Gas-and-steam plumes were seen rising 100-800 m above the lava dome and thermal anomalies were visible on satellite imagery. Source: Kamchatkan Volcanic Eruption Response Team via the Alaska Volcano Observatory -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 4-10 December 2002 Seismicity remained above background levels at Shiveluch, but decreased during 29 November to 6 December. Seismic data indicated that nine ash-and-gas explosions reached heights of 1-2 km above the lava dome, and hot avalanches possibly occurred. A number of smaller earthquakes at depths of 0-6 km were recorded. Weak intermittent spasmodic tremor was recorded on 28-30 November. Gas-and-steam plumes rose to a maximum height of 2.5 km above the lava dome. Thermal anomalies were visible on satellite imagery, but ash was not. Source: Kamchatkan Volcanic Eruption Response Team via the Alaska Volcano Observatory -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 11-17 December 2002 During 6-13 December, seismicity remained above background levels at Shiveluch, but it decreased after 8 December. Seismic data indicated that eight ash-and-gas explosions reached heights of 1-2 km above the lava dome, and hot avalanches possibly occurred. A number of smaller earthquakes at depths of 0-6 km and weak intermittent spasmodic tremor was recorded. Gas-and-steam plumes rose to a maximum height of 1.5 km above the lava dome. Thermal anomalies were visible on satellite imagery, but ash was not. Shiveluch remained at Concern Color Code Yellow. Source: Kamchatkan Volcanic Eruption Response Team via the Alaska Volcano Observatory -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 18-23 December 2002 During 13-20 December, seismicity remained above background levels at Shiveluch. Seismic data indicated that seven ash-and-gas explosions reached heights of 1-2 km above the lava dome, and hot avalanches possibly occurred. A number of smaller earthquakes at depths of 0-6 km and weak intermittent spasmodic tremor was recorded. On 19 December around 0045 a pyroclastic flow traveled ~3 km down Shiveluch's SE slope. The associated plume rose 5.5 km a.sl. Thermal anomalies were visible on satellite imagery. Shiveluch remained at Concern Color Code Yellow. Source: Kamchatkan Volcanic Eruption Response Team via the Alaska Volcano Observatory -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 24-30 December 2002 During 20-27 December, seismicity remained above background levels at Shiveluch. Seismic data indicated that six ash-and-gas explosions reached heights of 2-3 km above the lava dome, and hot avalanches possibly occurred. Several smaller earthquakes at depths of 0-6 km were recorded. Weak, intermittent, spasmodic tremor was registered during 21-25 December. On 25 December during 1945-2045, the amplitude of volcanic tremor sharply increased. According to visual data from Klyuchi, on 19 December at 1238 and 1514, short-lived explosions sent gas-and-ash plumes to heights of ~5.5 and 5 km a.s.l., respectively. Following the first explosion, pyroclastic flows traveled SE; after the second, they traveled to the S, inside the Baidarnaya River. The runout of both pyroclastic flows was 3 km. Shiveluch remained at Concern Color Code Yellow. Source: Kamchatkan Volcanic Eruption Response Team via the Alaska Volcano Observatory -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 31 December 2002- 7 January 2003 During 27 December to 3 January, seismicity remained above background levels at Shiveluch. Seismic data indicated that 25 ash-and-gas explosions reached heights of 2 km above the lava dome, and hot avalanches possibly occurred. On 28 December a small amount of ash was visible on the volcano's snow-covered flanks. Thermal anomalies were visible on satellite imagery. Shiveluch remained at Concern Color Code Yellow. Source: Kamchatkan Volcanic Eruption Response Team via the Alaska Volcano Observatory -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 8-14 January 2003 During 3-10 January, seismicity remained above background levels at Shiveluch. Seismic data indicated that 11 ash-and-gas explosions reached heights of 1.5 km above the lava dome, and hot avalanches possibly occurred. Short-lived explosions produced ash-and-gas clouds to 1.5 km above the lava dome. On 9 January a small, hot avalance was seen on the SW slope of the lava dome. Thermal anomalies were visible on satellite imagery. Shiveluch remained at Concern Color Code Yellow. Source: Kamchatkan Volcanic Eruption Response Team via the Alaska Volcano Observatory -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 15-21 January 2003 During 10-17 January, seismicity remained above background levels at Shiveluch. Seismic data indicated that 12 ash-and-gas explosions reached heights of 2 km above the lava dome, and hot avalanches possibly occurred. Gas-and-steam plumes rose to 800 m above the lava dome and drifted E and NW during 10-12 January. Thermal anomalies were visible on satellite imagery. Shiveluch remained at Concern Color Code Yellow. Source: Kamchatkan Volcanic Eruption Response Team via the Alaska Volcano Observatory -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 22-28 January 2003 During 17-24 January, seismicity remained above background levels at Shiveluch. Seismic data indicated that 11 ash-and-gas explosions reached heights of 2 km above the lava dome, and hot avalanches possibly occurred. Continuous, spasmodic volcanic tremor was recorded on 16-18 January and intermittent volcanic tremor was recorded on 19-23 January. Clouds obscured the volcano all week. Thermal anomalies were visible on satellite imagery. Shiveluch remained at Concern Color Code Yellow. Source: Kamchatkan Volcanic Eruption Response Team via the Alaska Volcano Observatory -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 29 January- 4 February 2003 During 24-31 January, seismicity remained above background levels at Shiveluch and many shallow earthquakes were recorded. According to seismic data, on 25 January a short-lived explosion produced an ash-and-gas plume that rose to 3.5 km above the lava dome. Thermal anomalies were visible on satellite imagery. Shiveluch remained at Concern Color Code Yellow. Source: Kamchatkan Volcanic Eruption Response Team via the Alaska Volcano Observatory -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 5-11 February 2003 During 31 January to 7 February, seismicity remained above background levels at Shiveluch and many shallow earthquakes were recorded. Intermittent volcanic spasmodic tremor occurred and gas-and-steam plumes rose to 1.5 km above the crater. Thermal anomalies were visible on satellite imagery. Shiveluch remained at Concern Color Code Yellow. Source: Kamchatkan Volcanic Eruption Response Team via the Alaska Volcano Observatory -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 12-18 February 2003 During 7-14 February, seismicity remained above background levels at Shiveluch and many shallow earthquakes were recorded. Seismic data indicated that 10 ash-and-gas explosions reached heights of 1 km above the lava dome, and hot avalanches possibly occurred. Volcanic spasmodic tremor occurred and gas-and-steam plumes rose to 1 km above the crater. Thermal anomalies were visible on satellite imagery. Shiveluch remained at Concern Color Code Yellow. Source: Kamchatkan Volcanic Eruption Response Team via the Alaska Volcano Observatory -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 19-25 February 2003 During 14-21 February, seismicity remained above background levels at Shiveluch and many shallow earthquakes were recorded. Seismic data indicated that 17 ash-and-gas explosions reached heights of 1.5 km above the lava dome, and hot avalanches possibly occurred. Video footage showed several ash-and-gas clouds, with the highest cloud rising to 6.5 km a.s.l on 15 February accompanied by pyroclastic flows. Volcanic spasmodic tremor occurred and gas-and-steam plumes rose to 1 km above the crater. Shiveluch remained at Concern Color Code Yellow. Source: Kamchatkan Volcanic Eruption Response Team via the Alaska Volcano Observatory -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 26 February- 4 March 2003 During 21-28 February, seismicity remained above background levels at Shiveluch and many shallow earthquakes were recorded. Seismic data indicated that 14 ash-and-gas explosions reached heights of 3 km above the lava dome, and hot avalanches possibly occurred. Video footage showed several ash-and-gas clouds, with the highest cloud rising to 4.5 km a.s.l on 25 February. Volcanic spasmodic tremor occurred and gas-and-steam plumes rose to 4 km a.s.l. Shiveluch remained at Concern Color Code Yellow. Source: Kamchatkan Volcanic Eruption Response Team via the Alaska Volcano Observatory -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 5-11 March 2003 During 28 February to 7 March, seismicity remained above background levels at Shiveluch and many shallow earthquakes were recorded. Seismic data indicated that 20 ash-and-gas explosions reached heights of 4 km above the lava dome, and hot avalanches possibly occurred. Volcanic spasmodic tremor was recorded and gas-and-steam plumes rose to 1 km a.s.l. Seismic data indicated that ash explosions on 4 March during 1130-1140 produced clouds to 5.5 km a.s.l. At this time a "water flow" washed away the Klyuchi-Ust'-Kamchatsk road in an area 40 km from the town of Klyuchi. The "water flow" was up to 0.7 m deep. On 6 March seismic data indicated that an explosion produced an ash cloud to 8.5 km a.s.l. During the report period, thermal anomalies were visible on satellite data. Shiveluch remained at Concern Color Code Yellow. Source: Kamchatkan Volcanic Eruption Response Team via the Alaska Volcano Observatory -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 12-18 March 2003 During 7-14 March, seismicity remained above background levels at Shiveluch. Seismic data indicated that 13 ash-and-gas explosions reached heights of 2.3 km above the lava dome, and hot avalanches possibly occurred. Spasmodic volcanic tremor was recorded and gas-and-steam plumes rose to 800 m above the lava dome. During the report period, thermal anomalies were visible on satellite imagery and on 9 March ash deposits were seen extending ~20 km WSW. Shiveluch remained at Concern Color Code Yellow. Source: Kamchatkan Volcanic Eruption Response Team via the Alaska Volcano Observatory -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 19-25 March 2003 During 14-21 March, seismicity remained above background levels at Shiveluch. Seismic data indicated that eight ash-and-gas explosions reached heights of 1 km above the lava dome, and hot avalanches possibly occurred. Spasmodic volcanic tremor was recorded and gas-and-steam plumes rose to 1.2 km above the lava dome. During the report period, thermal anomalies and gas-and-steam plumes were visible on satellite imagery. Shiveluch remained at Concern Color Code Yellow. Source: Kamchatkan Volcanic Eruption Response Team via the Alaska Volcano Observatory -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 26 March-1 April 2003 During 21-28 March, seismicity remained above background levels at Shiveluch. Seismic data indicated that one ash-and-gas explosion reached ~1 km above the lava dome, and hot avalanches possibly occurred. Spasmodic volcanic tremor was recorded and gas-and-steam plumes rose to 900 m above the lava dome. During the report period, thermal anomalies and gas-and-steam plumes were visible on satellite imagery. Shiveluch remained at Concern Color Code Yellow. Source: Kamchatkan Volcanic Eruption Response Team via the Alaska Volcano Observatory -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 2-8 April 2003 Seismicity at Shiveluch remained above background levels during 28 March to 4 April. Seismic data indicated that 10 ash-and-gas explosions reached heights up to 4 km above the lava dome and hot avalanches possibly occurred. Weak shallow earthquakes and intermittent spasmodic volcanic tremor were registered. Gas-and-steam plumes rose to 1.5 km above the dome. Thermal anomalies and ash deposits were visible on satellite imagery. Shiveluch remained at Concern Color Code Yellow. Source: Kamchatkan Volcanic Eruption Response Team via the Alaska Volcano Observatory -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 9-15 April 2003 Seismicity at Shiveluch remained above background levels during 4-11 April. Seismic data indicated that 8 ash-and-gas explosions reached heights up to 3 km above the lava dome and hot avalanches possibly occurred. Weak shallow earthquakes and intermittent spasmodic volcanic tremor were recorded. Gas-and-steam plumes rose to low levels above the dome. A thermal anomaly was visible on satellite imagery. Shiveluch remained at Concern Color Code Yellow. Source: Kamchatkan Volcanic Eruption Response Team via the Alaska Volcano Observatory -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 23-29 April 2003 A 25 April report on Shiveluch from KVERT stated that, based on seismic data a hot pyroclastic avalanche possibly took place on 23 April. Also, a M 2.25 earthquake occurred this day. Intermittent spasmodic volcanic tremor registered all week. According to visual data from Klyuchi, an ash plume rose 1,500 m above the dome on 24 April; gas and steam plumes rose 50-500 m above the dome on 19-21 and 24 April and the plumes blew 10 km to the E and SE, respectively. Clouds typically obscured the volcano on the other days. Source: Kamchatkan Volcanic Eruption Response Team via the Alaska Volcano Observatory -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 14-20 May 2003 During 9-16 May at Shiveluch seismicity was above background levels, and several small explosions occurred. Weak shallow earthquakes were recorded, and seismic data suggested that 6 ash-and-gas explosions reached heights of 1.5 km above the lava dome and hot avalanches possibly occurred. On 11 May seismic data indicated that two ash-and-gas explosions rose to 6 km a.s.l. and were possibly accompanied by hot avalanches. Video data revealed a series of ash explosions beginning on 14 May at 1550 that produced ash clouds to heights of 4.2 km a.s.l. The explosions were accompanied by several pyroclastic flows. Shiveluch remained at Concern Color Code Yellow. Source: Kamchatkan Volcanic Eruption Response Team via the Alaska Volcano Observatory -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 21-27 May 2003 Seismicity continued to be above background levels at Shiveluch during 16-23 May. Weak, shallow earthquakes were recorded and seismic data indicated that an ash-and-gas explosion reached a height of about 4 km above the lava dome. Incandescent lava avalanches may have occurred on 17 May. Intermittent, spasmodic, volcanic tremor was recorded during 14-22 May. Thermal anomalies were visible on satellite imagery. Shiveluch remained at Concern Color Code Yellow. Source: Kamchatkan Volcanic Eruption Response Team via the Alaska Volcano Observatory -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 14-20 January 2004 During 11-12 January, explosions at Shiveluch produced ash plumes to 4 km a.s.l. that drifted W. The explosions were accompanied by pyroclastic flows with run-out distances around 1 km. On 16 January at 1125 an eruption produced an ash plume that rose ~5.5 km a.s.l. and drifted W. The same day KVERT raised the Concern Color Code to Orange from Yellow. During 9-16 January, seismicity was above background levels at Shiveluch, with the recording of ~70 shallow earthquakes greater than M 1.75 and a large number of weaker earthquakes beneath the active lava dome. In addition, intermittent spasmodic tremor was recorded during 11-16 January. Sources: Kamchatkan Volcanic Eruption Response Team via the Alaska Volcano Observatory, Itar-Tass News -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 21-27 January 2004 Volcanic activity remained at relatively high levels at Shiveluch during 16-23 January. Several explosions occurred, producing ash plumes that rose to a maximum height of 6 km a.s.l. Ash explosions on 21 January were accompanied by pyroclastic flows with run-out distances of ~ 2 km. During the report period, seismicity was above background levels, with ~200 shallow M 1.75-2.6 earthquakes occurring as well as a large number of weaker events. Intermittent spasmodic volcanic tremor also occurred. Shiveluch remained at Concern Color Code Orange. Sources: Kamchatkan Volcanic Eruption Response Team via the Alaska Volcano Observatory, Itar-Tass News -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 28 January- 3 February 2004 During 23-30 January, seismicity was above background levels at Shiveluch, with a large number of weak shallow earthquakes occurring at depths of 0-5 km beneath the lava dome. In addition, 5-7 shallow M 1.75-2.3 earthquakes occurred each day except for 22 January. Intermittent tremor was recorded all week. Based on seismic data, 8 and 9 ash-and-gas explosions occurred on 22 and 23 January, respectively, sending ash to 3.5-4.5 km above the volcano. Video footage on 22 January confirmed that four ash plumes rose to ~3.5 km. Shiveluch remained at Concern Color Code Orange. Source: Kamchatkan Volcanic Eruption Response Team via the Alaska Volcano Observatory -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 4-10 February 2004 During 30 January to 6 February, seismicity was above background levels at Shiveluch, with 1-4 shallow M 1.25-2.25 earthquakes occurring daily and a large number of weaker earthquakes at depths of 0-5 km beneath the active lava dome. Based on interpretations of seismic data, during 2-4 February three possible ash-and-gas explosion occurred per day, producing plumes to 3.5-5.5 km a.s.l. Video footage on 4 February showed an ash plume rising to ~5 km a.s.l. Gas-and-steam plumes were seen during much of the week. Shiveluch remained at Concern Color Code Orange. Source: Kamchatkan Volcanic Eruption Response Team via the Alaska Volcano Observatory -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 11-17 February 2004 During 6-13 February, seismicity was above background levels at Shiveluch. A large number of weak shallow earthquakes and one to three M1.5-2.3 earthquakes were recorded daily at depths of 0-5 km beneath the active lava dome. Spasmodic tremor was recorded all week. Based on interpretations of seismic data, one to three ash-and-gas explosions occurred per day, sending ash to 4-6 km a.s.l. Visual and video observations revealed ash plumes rising to ~5 km a.s.l. on 10 February. Shiveluch remained at Concern Color Code Orange. Source: Kamchatkan Volcanic Eruption Response Team via the Alaska Volcano Observatory -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 18-24 February 2004 During 13-20 February, seismicity was slightly above background levels at Shiveluch. A large number of weak, shallow earthquakes was recorded daily at depths of 0-5 km beneath the active lava dome. Spasmodic tremor was recorded the entire week. Based on interpretations of seismic data, two ash-and-gas explosions on 12 February, and one on 16 February, produced ash plumes to ~4 km a.s.l. Visual and video observations revealed that two ash plume rose to ~5 km a.s.l. and drifted E on 12 February. Shiveluch remained at Concern Color Code Orange. Source: Kamchatkan Volcanic Eruption Response Team via the Alaska Volcano Observatory -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 25 February- 2 March 2004 During 20-27 February, seismicity was above background levels at Shiveluch, with a large number of weak shallow earthquakes occurring at depths of 0-5 km beneath the active lava dome. Based on interpretations of seismic data, on 23 February an ash-and-gas explosion produced a plume to ~5 km a.s.l. Gas-and-steam plumes were seen rising to ~4 km a.s.l. Shiveluch remained at Concern Color Code Orange. Source: Kamchatkan Volcanic Eruption Response Team via the Alaska Volcano Observatory, RIAN News -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 3-9 March 2004 During 27 February to 5 March, seismicity was above background levels at Shiveluch. A large number of shallow earthquakes up to M 2 were recorded beneath the volcano, as well as spasmodic volcanic tremor. Based on interpretations of seismic data, ash-and-gas explosions rose to a maximum height of ~5.5 km a.s.l. Shiveluch remained at Concern Color Code Orange. Source: Kamchatkan Volcanic Eruption Response Team via the Alaska Volcano Observatory -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 10-16 March 2004 Seismicity at Shiveluch was above background levels during 5-12 March, with a large number of shallow earthquakes up to M 2 occurring beneath the volcano. Based on interpretations of seismic data, ash-and-gas explosions rose to a maximum height of ~6 km a.s.l. Video footage shot on 9 March showed an ash plume rising to ~4 km a.s.l. and drifting S. Shiveluch remained at Concern Color Code Orange. Source: Kamchatkan Volcanic Eruption Response Team via the Alaska Volcano Observatory -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 17-23 March 2004 During 12-19 March, seismicity was above background levels at Shiveluch, with a large number of shallow earthquakes up to M 2 occurring beneath the volcano. Spasmodic volcanic tremor was also recorded. Based on interpretations of seismic data, ash-and-gas explosions may have produced plumes to a maximum height of 5 km a.s.l. Shiveluch remained at Concern Color Code Orange. Source: Kamchatkan Volcanic Eruption Response Team via the Alaska Volcano Observatory -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 24-30 March 2004 During 19-26 March, seismic activity was above background levels at Shiveluch with many shallow earthquakes up to M 1.75 recorded. Based on interpretations of seismic data, a pyroclastic flow occurred on 19 March and explosions produced gas-and-ash plumes on 19-20 and 25 March that might have reached 6-7 km a.s.l. on two occasions and 3.5-4.5 km a.s.l. on nine other occasions. Shiveluch remained at Concern Color Code Orange. Source: Kamchatkan Volcanic Eruption Response Team via the Alaska Volcano Observatory -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 31 March- 6 April 2004 According to KVERT, during 26 March to 2 April seismicity was above background levels at Shiveluch. About 14 shallow earthquakes up to M 2 occurred during 25 and 28-31 March. Based on interpretations of seismic data, 15 ash-and-gas explosions may have produced plumes to 5 km a.s.l. during 25 and 28-31 March. Shiveluch remained at Concern Color Code Orange. Sources: Kamchatkan Volcanic Eruption Response Team via the Alaska Volcano Observatory, RIA Novosti News, Itar-Tass News -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 7-13 April 2004 Seismicity at Shiveluch was above background levels during 2-9 April, with 16 earthquakes up to M 2 occurring during 1-3 and 6-7 April. Based on interpretations of seismic data, one ash-and-gas explosion may have produced a plume that reached a height of 9 km a.s.l., and 13 plumes may have reached 7.2 km a.s.l. during several days. During 6-8 April, ash plumes extended 20-50 km SE and E. On 7 April an ash-and-gas explosion produced a plume to a height of 6.2 km a.s.l. Shiveluch remained at Concern Color Code Orange. Source: Kamchatkan Volcanic Eruption Response Team via the Alaska Volcano Observatory -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 14-20 April 2004 Seismicity at Shiveluch remained above background levels during 9-16 April with many small shallow earthquakes located at depths of 0-5 km and a total of ten M 1.8-2.3 earthquakes recorded on 8, 10, and 14 April. On these days gas-and-ash plumes probably reached ~4.5-5.5 km a.s.l. four times and ~7.5 km a.s.l. at least once. On 18 April, a gas-and-ash plume reached ~9 km a.s.l. and on 19 April a plume rose to ~1 km above the vent. Shiveluch remained at Concern Color Code Orange. Sources: Kamchatkan Volcanic Eruption Response Team via the Alaska Volcano Observatory, Anchorage VAAC, Pravda -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 21-27 April 2004 Seismicity was above background levels at Shiveluch during 16-23 April, with a large number of weak earthquakes occurring 0-5 km beneath the active lava dome and ten M 1.5-2.7 earthquakes. Based on interpretations of seismic data, during 15-18, and 21 April six ash-and-gas explosions may have produced plumes to 4-7 km a.s.l. The highest rising observed plume (8 km a.s.l.) was produced from an ash-and-gas explosion on 18 April. Shiveluch remained at Concern Color Code Orange. Source: Kamchatkan Volcanic Eruption Response Team via the Alaska Volcano Observatory -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 5-11 May 2004 On 10 May around 0200 a strong eruption began at Shiveluch, leading KVERT to raise the Concern Color Code from Orange to Red (the highest level). Video and visual observations revealed ash explosions that rose to ~11 km a.s.l. and drifted ESE. At 1114 pyroclastic and mud flows traveled 7-8 km down the volcano's SE slope. Ash was deposited as far as 100 km from the volcano. On 11 May the Concern Color Code was reduced to Orange. Sources: Kamchatkan Volcanic Eruption Response Team via the Alaska Volcano Observatory, Tokyo VAAC -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 12-18 May 2004 During 7-14 May seismic activity was above background levels at Shiveluch, with a large number of shallow earthquakes occurring. Based on interpretations of seismic data, during 6-7 May there may have been three ash-and-gas explosions that produced plumes to ~ 7 km a.s.l. On 9 May a strong explosion deposited ash in Ust-Kamchatsk, closing the airport. The road and the dam in the area of the Bekesh river were destroyed by mud flows. Sources: Kamchatkan Volcanic Eruption Response Team via the Alaska Volcano Observatory, Tokyo VAAC -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 26 May- 1 June 2004 On 21 May, observations of Shiveluch from a helicopter revealed pyroclastic flows and partial destruction of the lava dome. Ash deposits were concentrated in the central sector of the southern volcanic slope. During 21-28 May seismicity was above background levels, with a large number of shallow earthquakes occurring. Gas-and-steam plumes rose to ~4 km a.s.l. Shiveluch remained at Concern Color Code Orange. Sources: Kamchatkan Volcanic Eruption Response Team via the Alaska Volcano Observatory, Tokyo VAAC -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 2-8 June 2004 Between 28 May and 4 June, seismic activity at Shiveluch was above background levels with many shallow earthquakes recorded. Continuous spasmodic tremor was recorded during 27-29 May with an increase in volcanic seismicity beginning on 29 May and continuing through 2 June. On 31 May a possible gas-and-ash plume rose to 5.5 km a.s.l. and on 27-28 May gas-and-steam plumes were observed rising up to ~2.5 km a.s.l. and drifting E. A small lava flow on top of the active dome, first observed on 21 May, continued to flow until 28 May. Shiveluch remained at Concern Color Code Orange. Source: Kamchatkan Volcanic Eruption Response Team via the Alaska Volcano Observatory -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 9-15 June 2004 Seismic activity remained above background levels at Shiveluch during 4-11 June, with several shallow earthquakes occurring beneath the active lava dome. According to visual and video observations from the town of Klyuchi, during 3-5 and 10 June, gas-and-steam plumes rose to 3.3-3.9 km a.s.l. and extended more than 10 km SE, E, W, and NW. Shiveluch remained at Concern Color Code Orange. Source: Kamchatkan Volcanic Eruption Response Team via the Alaska Volcano Observatory -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 23-29 June 2004 Seismicity was above background levels at Shiveluch during 18-25 June. Shallow earthquakes up to M 1.75 were recorded, along with nearly continuous spasmodic tremor. Gas plumes rose to ~4 km a.s.l. On 19 June, a likely ash cloud was seen 10-20 km S of the volcano. Shiveluch remained at Concern Color Code Orange. Source: Kamchatkan Volcanic Eruption Response Team via the Alaska Volcano Observatory -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 30 June- 6 July 2004 Seismicity was above background levels at Shiveluch during 25 June to 2 July, with several shallow earthquakes occurring beneath the active lava dome. Gas-and-steam plumes were seen rising to ~3.5 km a.s.l. Shiveluch remained at Concern Color Code Orange. Source: Kamchatkan Volcanic Eruption Response Team via the Alaska Volcano Observatory -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 7-13 July 2004 The lava dome continued to grow in Shiveluch's active crater. Gas-and-steam plumes were reported by KVERT on 2-3 July rising as high as 3.3 km a.s.l.; clouds obscured the volcano during 3-8 July. Seismicity was above background levels for 3-9 July. Shiveluch remained at Concern Color Code Orange. Source: Kamchatkan Volcanic Eruption Response Team via the Alaska Volcano Observatory -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 14-20 July 2004 Seismicity at Shiveluch remained above background levels during 9-16 July, with earthquakes up to M 1.75. Spasmodic tremor was recorded during the week. Shiveluch remained at Concern Color Code Orange. Source: Kamchatkan Volcanic Eruption Response Team via the Alaska Volcano Observatory -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 28 July- 3 August 2004 Seismicity was above background levels at Shiveluch during 22-30 July, with weak earthquakes occurring 0-5 km below the active lava dome. Gas-and-steam plumes rose to ~2.8 km a.s.l. on 28 and 29 July. Shiveluch remained at Concern Color Code Orange. Source: Kamchatkan Volcanic Eruption Response Team via the Alaska Volcano Observatory -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 4-10 August 2004 Seismicity was above background levels at Shiveluch during 30 July to 6 August, with weak earthquakes occurring 0-5 km beneath the active lava dome. On 4 August at 1705 an ash plume rose ~5 km a.s.l. and drifted E. Shiveluch remained at Concern Color Code Orange. Source: Kamchatkan Volcanic Eruption Response Team via the Alaska Volcano Observatory -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 11-17 August 2004 During 6-13 August, seismicity was above background levels at Shiveluch, with weak earthquakes occurring 0-5 km beneath the active dome. On several days gas-and-steam plumes rose to a maximum height of ~2.9 km a.s.l. Shiveluch remained at Concern Color Code Orange. Source: Kamchatkan Volcanic Eruption Response Team via the Alaska Volcano Observatory -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 18-24 August 2004 Seismicity was above background levels at Shiveluch during 13-20 August, with weak earthquakes 0-5 km beneath the active lava dome. Gas-and-steam plumes rose ~3 km a.s.l. Shiveluch remained at Concern Color Code Concern Color Code Orange. Source: Kamchatkan Volcanic Eruption Response Team via the Alaska Volcano Observatory -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1-7 September 2004 Seismicity was above background levels at Shiveluch during 27 August to 3 September, with weak earthquakes occurring 0-5 km beneath the lava dome. Gas-and-steam plumes rose to ~2.6 km a.s.l. on 1 September. Shiveluch remained at Concern Color Code Orange. Source: Kamchatkan Volcanic Eruption Response Team via the Alaska Volcano Observatory -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 8-14 September 2004 Seismicity was above background levels at Shiveluch during 3-10 September, with several weak earthquakes occurring 0-5 km beneath the active lava dome. On 6 September at 2054 an explosion produced small pyroclastic flows and an ash plume that rose to ~5.5 km a.s.l. Shiveluch remained at Concern Color Code Orange. Source: Kamchatkan Volcanic Eruption Response Team via the Alaska Volcano Observatory -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 15-21 September 2004 Unrest at the volcano continues, with a lava dome growing in the active crater and above-background levels of seismicity. On 12 September a gas-and-steam plume extended > 70 km to the ESE. According to seismic data, during 14-16 September there were four possible ash plumes up to 5-6 km a.s.l.. Video data confirmed an ash plume on the 15th. According to satellite data, 1-12-pixel thermal anomalies were registered over the lava dome on 15-16 September. Source: Kamchatkan Volcanic Eruption Response Team via the Alaska Volcano Observatory -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 29 September- 5 October 2004 Seismicity was above background levels at Shiveluch during 23 September to 1 October, with 26 strong shallow earthquakes up to M 2.3 recorded during 23-29 September. Several explosions were seen that produced ash plumes to a maximum height of 4.5 km a.s.l., while interpretations of seismic data suggested that plumes rose to 6.5 km a.s.l. [Correction: According to interpretations of seismic data there were ~20 ash plumes at heights between 4 and 6.5 km a.s.l. Several explosions were confirmed by video observation at a maximum height of 4.5 km a.s.l. Clouds or night obscured the remainder.] An explosion on 25 September was accompanied by small pyroclastic flows. Shiveluch remained at Concern Color Code Orange. Source: Kamchatkan Volcanic Eruption Response Team via the Alaska Volcano Observatory -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 13-19 October 2004 Seismicity was above background levels at Shiveluch during 8-15 October, with weak shallow earthquakes occurring beneath the active lava dome. Two relatively strong shallow earthquakes, M 1.75 and 2.1, were recorded on 8 and 11 October, respectively. Spasmodic tremor was recorded during 7-12 October. Based on interpretations of seismic data, weak ash-and-gas explosions and hot avalanches may have occurred all week. Visual observations from the town of Klyuchi revealed that ash plumes rose to 3.5 km a.s.l. on 7 and 12 October and extended more than 10 km E. Weak gas-and-steam activity occurred on 11 and 12 October. Clouds obscured the volcano at other times. Shiveluch remained at Concern Color Code Orange. Source: Kamchatkan Volcanic Eruption Response Team via the Alaska Volcano Observatory -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 20-26 October 2004 During 15-22 October, seismicity at Shiveluch was above background levels, with shallow earthquakes occurring beneath the active lava dome. Based on interpretations of seismic data, ash-and-gas explosions possibly produced plumes to 6.5 km a.s.l. In addition, avalanches of hot material may have occurred during the week. KVERT reported seeing a new lava flow at Shiveluch’s lava dome around 26 October. Shiveluch remained at Concern Color Code Orange. Source: Kamchatkan Volcanic Eruption Response Team via the Alaska Volcano Observatory -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 3-9 November 2004 Seismicity was above background levels at Shiveluch during 29 October-5 November, with weak shallow earthquakes occurring beneath the active lava dome. Based on interpretations of seismic data, possible ash-and-gas explosions up to 6.5 km a.s.l. occurred on 30 October and 2-4 November. Ash-and-gas explosions up to 3.5-5.5 km a.s.l. were noted all week and possible hot avalanches also occurred. According to video data, ash-and-gas explosions rose to 3.5-6 km a.s.l. during 28-30 October, and 1 and 3-4 November. Shiveluch remained at Concern Color Code Orange. Source: Kamchatkan Volcanic Eruption Response Team via the Alaska Volcano Observatory -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 10-16 November 2004 Seismicity was above background levels at Shiveluch during 5-12 November, with weak shallow earthquakes occurring beneath the active lava dome. Based on interpretations of seismic data, possible ash-and-gas explosions up to 6.5-7 km a.s.l. were registered on 5, 7, 9, and 11 November. During the week gas-dominated plumes rose to ~4 km a.s.l. and those bearing ash rose to 3.5-6 km. Possible minor ash-and-gas explosions and hot avalanches also occurred. Shiveluch remained at Concern Color Code Orange. Source: Kamchatkan Volcanic Eruption Response Team via the Alaska Volcano Observatory -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 17-23 November 2004 Seismicity was above background levels at Shiveluch during 12-19 November, with weak shallow earthquakes occurring at a depth of 0.5 km beneath the active lava dome. Based on interpretations of seismic data, possible ash-and-gas explosions up to 6 km a.s.l were registered on 15 November. Ash-and-gas explosions up to 4-5 km a.s.l were noted all week and possible weak ash-and-gas explosions and hot avalanches also occurred. According to visual and video data, ash-and-gas explosions rose up to 4-5 km a.s.l on 11 and 18 November. Gas-and-steam plumes were observed on 11 and 15 November. Shiveluch remained at Concern Color Code Orange. Source: Kamchatkan Volcanic Eruption Response Team via the Alaska Volcano Observatory -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 22-28 December 2004 Seismicity was above background levels at Shiveluch during 19-22 December, with weak shallow earthquakes occurring at a depth of ~0.5 km beneath the active lava dome. Based on interpretations of seismic data, ash-and-gas explosions may have risen to 3.5 km a.s.l. on 20 December. Hot avalanches may have occurred during 16-19 December. Shiveluch remained at Concern Color Code Orange. Source: Kamchatkan Volcanic Eruption Response Team via the Alaska Volcano Observatory