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| Sulfur gas is condensed in the crater and mined. |
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| Airfall deposits on the east flank of Ijen. |
Ijen has erupted six times since 1796, most recently in 1993. Most of the eruptions were phreatic. The eruptions have been small to moderate (VEI=1-2). In 1817, the crater lake collapsed, producing mudflows that destroyed three villages and 90 houses. The number of deaths is unknown. In late June of 1997, the color of the crater lake changed and seismicity and activity at the fumaroles increased but Ijen did not erupt. All of the above photos by Steve Mattox - June 28, 1997.
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| View to the southwest to the northeast flank of Ijen and to Baluran, a Holocene stratovolcano that forms the northeast tip of Java. Space Shuttle photo STS069-0737-0122. |
Starting 30 January to 5 February, an increase in seismic activity was recorded. Shallow volcanic earthquakes, several small explosion events, 6 tectonic events, and 2 tremor earthquakes were noted. Ijen is at Alert Level 2.
This information was summarized from Smithsonian Institution's Preliminary Notices of Volcanic Activity.
Kaswanda , O., and others, 1993, Volcanic hazard map of Ijen volcano, east Jawa: Volcanological Survey of Indonesia.
Pasternack, G.I., and Varekamp, J.C., 1997, Volcanic lake systematics: Bulletin of Volcanology, v. 58, p. 528-538.
Simkin, T., and Siebert, L., 1994, Volcanoes of the World: Geoscience Press, Tucson, Arizona, 349 p.
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